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Learning objectives
EXCRETION
~ removal of toxic waste
productions of
metabolism from the
body
WASTE
~ nitrogenous waste (urea
& ammonia), CO2, bile
pigment
RENAL SYSTEM
OSMOREGULATION
~ the process maintaining
constant osmotic
equilibrium between the
internal & external
environment of an
organism
Mammalian renal system I
KIDNEY
paired organs in abdominal cavity
held firmly by peritoneum
embedded in fat
solid, dark red & bean shape
below stomach
renal artery vs renal vein
Structure of kidney
Mammalian renal system II
URETERS
narrow tubes
passing urine from kidneys to bladder
valves prevent back flow of urine
stop bacteria from going into kidney
Diaphragm
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra
Mammalian renal system III
URINARY BLADDER
muscular bag
stores urine temporarily
300 cm3 of urine sensation of urination
contraction of bladder + relaxation of
sphincter muscle forces urine out
Ureter
Ureteral
opening
Urethra
Urethral
orifice
Mammalian renal system IV
URETHRA
muscular tube
carries ONLY URINE in female
carries URINE & SEMEN in male
A nephron unit
FLOW OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATE
Excretion
~ remove nitrogenous
waste i.e. urea, salts,
water, heat, toxic
substance
Osmoregulation
~ controlling amount of
water in body
~ maintain osmotic
potential
Urine Formation
Pressure filtration
(ultrafiltration)
Reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Ultrafiltration
Occur at Malpighian body
Glomerular filtrate: all substances in blood
except RBCs & plasma protein
Blood pressure:
Diameter of afferent arteriole > Diameter of efferent arteriole
Glomerular filtrate rate
180l/ day
Adaptation
large area, great pressure, thin ,membrane
Reabsorption
Loop of Henle
~ conserve water in terrestrial mammal
~ creates & maintain an increasing osmotic
gradient in the medulla
~ Na+ in medulla vigorous osmotic
extraction of water from collecting ducts
hypertonic urine
Formation of hypertonic urine
Sites of reabsorption
Vasa recta
~ narrow capillaries situated close to loop of
Henle
~ freely permeable to ions, urea & water
~ Counter current exchanger system
Counter current exchange system
Sites of reabsorption
Anti-diuretic hormone(ADH)
Aldosterone
Renin-angiotensin system
ADH
ADH
ADH
Aldosterone
Renin angiotensin system
Potassium content