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3.2
The Principles And
Mechanism Of Inheritance
Dommant Genes And Recessive Genes
Dominant genes are genes which show the characteristics that they control
when paired with a dommant gene or another recessive gene.
Example : T : Tall gene which is dominant.
t : Short gene which is recessive.
‘TT’ and ‘Tt’ are the pair of genes which show tall characteristic.
Recessive genes are genes which only show the characteristics that they
control when paired with another recessive gene.
Eg : ‘tt’ is the pair of genes which show short characteristics.
Human Characteristic That Controlled By The Genes
Tall Dwarf
Right-handed Left-handed
Parental
phenotype Tall (pure breed) Dwarf (pure breed)
Parental
genotype
Meiosis
Gametes
Fertilisation
100% first filial generation plants are tall. This show that ‘T’ tall trait is controlled by
the dominant gene, and ‘t’ short trait is controlled by recessive gene.
Mechanism Of Trait Inheritance - The cross-
bred between first filial generation F (hybrids)
F 1 genotype
Meiosis
Gametes
Fertilisation
Second filial generation,
F2 genotype
F2 phenotype Tall Tall Tall Dwarf
Parent
Meiosis
Gamates C
Fertilisation
Genotype of
offspring
Phenotype of Curly Curly Straight Straight
offspring hair hair hair hair
1
The probability of obtaining a curly hair child is 50% or
2