Paints

Prepared by:
Villanueva, Kareen Joy
Binoya, Zandrei
 INTRODUCTION

Generally paints is considered as a

decorative element that provides protection
to a surface. Paints are coating that are
applied over metals, wood, plaster,
concrete, etc., for protection of the coated
surface and also to give a good appearance.
They are usually built in layer as priming
coat, first coat, second coat, etc.
 COMPONENTS OF PAINTS
The composition of paint is becoming more and
more complex with advancement of technology and
some of the modern paints can have from ten to twenty
components, each component endows a specific
property to the paint.
Paints consist of the following five elements:
Base Pigment- it gives the durability and protection
to the painted surface as they have high resistance to
the deteriorating effects.
 Vehicle or a Binder- the spread of paints, and
binds the paints, and binds the paint and the
surface together. Binder, also called medium, can
be oil like linseed oil, resins and bitumen or
cellulose derivatives.
 Solvent or Paint Thinner- it adjusts the viscosity
of the paint to suit the method of the application.
 Drier- it accelerate the process of drying of the
print. Substances like cobalt, lead, manganese,
dissolved in volatile are used as driers.
 Colouring Pigments or extenders- are fine
particles that provide the colour and may also act
as partially cheap substitute for the expensive
base pigment.
GENERAL TYPES OF PAINT:
Water Based And Mineral Spirit Based
All the paints basically fall under two
solvent categories which define their
types; mineral spirit based or water
based. In common convention these
paints are referred to as oil-based
paint( alkyd resin base thinned with
mineral spirits) or later-based paint(
water thinned)
WATER-BASED OR LATEX PAINT
♥Latex paint is the most commonly used type of
paint for home applications because of the
following reasons:
1. It has soap and water clean up.
2. It is environmentally friendly or responsible
3. It has good performances.
4. It is flexible so it can withstands movement
5. It can prevent mildew and moisture.
6. It dries fast
7. It is available with extensive colour
selections and paint sheens.
Alkyd Based or Oil Based Paint

⁂It is not commonly used in home

painting applications. It used to be the
standard paint for bathrooms and other
wet areas since it was to scrub, had a
higher sheen and was more durable than
the early latex paints.
Disadvantages of Alkyd paint include:
It is more expensive than latex paint.
It releases intensive odours when giving off organic
compounds (VOC) during dying. The clean up
requires use of chemical solvent or mineral spirits, i.e.,
paint thinner.
Some local authorities restrict the use of this paint
because of hazardous nature of the materials in
creates in the waste stream.
Performance Comparison for Good-
Quality Paints
CHARACTERISTICS TYPE OF PAINT
EVALUATED
OIL-BASED PAINT LATEX PAINT
DURABILITY Better adhesion than latex Good adhesion to most substrates;
on heavily chalked better elasticity than oil-based
surfaces. paints.

COLOUR RETENTION Not as good as latex; Superior resistance to chalking and

more likely to chalk and fading, especially when exposed to
fade in sunny exposure. bright sun.

EASE OF More difficult to apply Easy to apply, moves smoothly and

APPLICATION due to greater drag, but evenly with less brush drag.
moves on heavier for
better one-coating
coverage.
 CHARACTERISTICS
EVALUATED
TYPE OF PAINT
OIL-BASED PAINT LATEX PAINT

MILDEW RESISTANCE Vegetable-oil base can More resistant to mildew

provide nutrients for mildew growth; mildewcide
growth; most products additives discourage mildew
contain mildewcide to growth and help maintain
minimize growth. fresh appearance.

VERSATILITY Can be used on most Can be used on wood,

materials except for new concrete, brick, galvanised
concrete and other masonry, metal, vinyl and aluminium
where a sealer or pre- siding, etc.
treatment is required; should
not be applied directly to
galvanised metal.

ODOUR Stronger odour than latex. Very little odour;

noncombustible.
CHARACTERISTICS TYPE OF PAINT
EVALUATED

OIL-BASED PAINT LATEX PAINT

CLEAN UP Turpentine, paint thinner Simple water clean up.
or other solvent can be
used for clean up.
DRYING TIME Eight to 24 hours. One to six hours; permits
quick recoating.
 TYPES OF HOME PAINT
GLOSS PAINTS
Generally, gloss paints are oil- based and
include resin to give them a hard wearing quality.
These are two sub types:
֎Satinwood Gloss- is a durable gloss paint that gives a
more subtle sheen than the conventional shiny gloss
effect; however, it is not usually as hard wearing or
durable.
֎Polyurethane Gloss- an oil-based paint with added
polyurethane resin to make it tougher, provides a hard
wearing surface to withstand greater abrasion than
standard gloss.
 NONDRIP (Thixotropic)
Nondrip paints which have jelly-like
consistency, generally, do not require an undercoat;
however, for a better finish an undercoat is desirable.
For exterior wood work, an undercoat is essential to
ensure a good weather resisting finish.
Application of nondrip paints: The paint is
lightly brushed on prepared surface using random
strokes without over brushing as this can cause runs,
thus defeating the object of using this type of paint.
Stirring will only break down the consistency and
ruin the finish. If a can has been stirred, leave it for a
while and the paint will become jelly-like again.
INDUSTRYWISE CLASSIFICATION
There are two distinctive
fields in the surface coatings:
one that concentrates on
decorative paint industry and
the other concentrating on
industrial paints industry.
The following paints fields in surface coating:
1. Decorative Paints are the paints used for decoration of
buildings and other surfaces.
2. Industrial Paints are the paints used for industrial
products like automobile, marine vessels.
These are examples of Industrial Paints:
a. High-performance coatings are used for manufacturing
plants, fertilizers, chemicals, nuclear energy, offshore
installations, etc., where the metal needs protection from
corrosion.
b. Marine paints are the paints used in ships for anticorrosion
and freedom from attack of marine organisms.
c. Powder coating is a new technology used to coat consumer
durable like refrigerators, washing machines, building
equipments, etc. they can be used to given the desired
colour on aluminum fittings.
COMMON PAINTS FOR BUILDING INDUSTRY

In building industry the paints are classified as

1. According to the nature of the binder.
2. The way it dries to form the protective coating.
3. According to its use
4. According to its main components.

Following examples will illustrates the above classification:

1. Oil paints mean that the binder has oil like properties.
2. Enamel paint simply means that it dries out as an enamel.
3. Anticorrosive paint denotes its function.
4. Bituminous paint denotes that the composition of the paint
includes bitumen.
5. Emulsion paint simply means that it is a water-based coating.
 Following examples will illustrates the above
classification:

1. Oil paints mean that the binder has oil like

properties.
2. Enamel paint simply means that it dries out as
an enamel.
3. Anticorrosive paint denotes its function.
4. Bituminous paint denotes that the composition
of the paint includes bitumen.
5. Emulsion paint simply means that it is a water-
based coating.
CONSIDERATIONS IN SELECTING PAINTS
There are many factors that are considered while
choosing paint for buildings. Some of them are:

۞EXTERIOR HOUSE PAINT

1. TYPE OF SURFACE affects the type of paint to be used.
For example, wood trim and siding expand and contract
with the seasons and they can split over time.
2. THE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND WEATHER
also affects the paint and the surface to which it is
applied.
3. ULTRA VIOLET (UV) EXPOSURE is another factor that
affects the finish of the paint. Example: alkyd finishes
degrade faster when exposed to UV light exposure.
 INTERIOR HOUSE PAINT
Much easier than choosing exterior paint because the
requirements and the environment are much easier to define and they
remain fairly constant over time.

1. ABRASION RESISTANCE: Some parts of the house receive more

wear and tear than others. Alkyd paints can offer excellent
resistance to scuffing. Acrylic paints offer lower odor, ease of
application and excellent flexibility.
2. NATURE OF SURFACE TO BE PAINTED: used will depend on
the surface to be painted, its condition, age, and the type of paint
previously used on the surface. It will determine how well paint will
last and wear.
3. HUMIDITY: exposure to water will have a considerable effect on
the life of the finish, are resistant to moisture. Acrylic paints are
better in most situations. Higher sheens should be used in areas that
receive more humidity.
4. MOISTURE IN THE MATERIAL TO BE
PAINTED: The paint that is to be used on a moist
wall should have the capacity to resist the effect of
moistures.
5. PAINT SHEEN: It refers to how shiny the dried
paint surface becomes. The more the sheen the
more will be the resistance to washing and
abrasion.
 3 BASIC SHEEN
a) FLAT OR EGGSHELL PAINTS - They have smooth finish
but the least amount of sheen and it is good for walls in rooms
that are not much used. It will conceal some minor
imperfections in the drywall type joints and washable but not
scrubable. Flat paint is commonly used in walls and ceilings in
the home. There is also satin finish, which is a step up from the
eggshell. It is an all-purpose and popular sheen suitable for
almost any room in the house.
b) SEMI- GLOSS OR SATIN PAINT- They have medium
sheen that is good for walls and trims in room requiring more
frequent scrubbing such as the kitchen or baths and children’s
rooms. It is durable and washable.
c) GLOSS PAINTS- It is decorative and is suitable for doors,
woodwork, trims and cabinets.
6. COLOUR: Intensity of color and the need for
multiple coats also affects the choice of the paint.
Water base paints dry faster allowing application of
further coats sooner. The quality acrylics are thicker
and offer better coverage.
 CEMENTS PAINTS
Is a mixture of a pigment and a suitable
solvent. The solvent usually hardens the
pigment and gives it some consistency and
forms a film or coat adhered to the treated
surface. Cement paints is the term applied to
dry powders basically made from Portland
cement by the addition of pigments, fillers,
accelerator (calcium chloride), water repellents
(e.g., calcium stearate) and fungicides.