TRANSACTIONAL

ANALYSIS
01 02 03
TA was formulated by Berne’s Games People TA is a model of
ERIC BERNE (1960s) Play(1964) & Thomas psychotherapy and
Harris’s I’m OK You’re theory of personality
OK(1947) - Eric Berne which integrates
was born n 1910 in psychoanalytic concept
Montreal, Canada with humanistic
philosophy
 1955–1962 1966–1970
First Phase Third Phase He
Developed Concept emphasized the
Of Ego States. reasons some
individuals choose
to play certain
games in life.

HISTORY
Second Phase he Onwards He
concentrated on emphasised action
ideas about games and energy
and transactions. distribution

1962–1966 1970
 TA is an optimistic theory

View Of Human Its basic assumption is the people

can change despite any
Nature unfortunate events of the past

TA is also anti- anti deterministic,

believing that people have
choices in their lives
 BASIC PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS

01 02 03
People are born OK: People are capable People are
psychological of thinking responsible for the
disturbances is independently(unless decision they made,
acquired. severely brain and their
damaged) consequences.
 2. 3. GAME ANALYSIS
1. STRUCTURAL 4. SCRIPT
TRANSACTIONAL – understanding
ANALYSIS – ANALYSIS –
ANALYSIS – transactions
understanding understanding the
Describing what between
what is happening life plan that an
happens between individuals that
within the individual is
two or more lead to bad
individual. following
people. feelings.
 • Berne defines an ego state is “a consistent
pattern of feeling and experience directly
related to a corresponding consistent pattern of
behavior”
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS • Ego States are dynamic aspects of personality
• Exteropsyche – Parent
• Neopsyche – Adult
• Archeopsyche - Child
 Typical Behaviors
PARENT ADULT CHILD

Advising Fact Finding Laughing

Criticizing Questioning Crying
Ordering Analyzing Sulking
Telling Problem Solving Being Frightened
Fault Finding Helping Playing
Moralizing Cooperating Enjoying
Scolding Planning Dancing
Nurturing Coordinating Curiosity
Caring Scheduling Obeying
Loving Thinking Dependent
 • First ego state to develop is the child,
which is that part of personality
characterized by child like behaviours
and feelings.
• The child ego state is the archive of a
person’s total life experience to date,
1.CHILD EGO moments of which may be evoked and
re- experienced in the present.
STATE • When we are in the child ego state we
act like child we once were.
• The ego states are fully experienced
states of being, not just roles.
 1. Natural Child - When 2. Adapted Child – the
the child is hateful or complaining part of
3 Types - loving, impulsive, personality that confirms
spontaneous or playful, wishes and demands of
self centered. parental figures

3. Little Professor – when

it is thoughtful, creative
or imaginative
 • The parent ego state incorporates the
attitudes and behaviours(the don’ts,
should, and ought) of parental figures

• In the parent ego state ‘introjected’

parent figures from the past are
2. PARENTAL evoked in the present. They are the
beliefs, mannerisms and emotional
EGO STATE responses of an actual parent from the
past

• Outwardly the messages are delivered

through prejudice, criticism, and
nurturing behaviour
 • 1. Nurturing Parent – who comforts
praises and aids others.
Parental Ego
• 2. Critical Parent – who finds fault,
State: displays prejudices, disapproves and
prevents others from feeling good
about themselves.
 • The adult ego state is the congruent, aware
person attuned to themselves and their
environment , who responds congruently
without the contamination of parental
prejudice or childhood fantasy

• When the adult ego is in control, people

3. ADULT EGO behave in a thinking, rational, calculating,
factual, unemotional manner.
STATE
• The adult gathers information, reasons things
out, estimate probabilities and makes decision
with cool and calm behavior. • When
communicating in the adult ego state, you
avoid becoming the victim of the other person
by controlling your response to the situation.