 Socialization− refers to a lifelong social

experience by which people develop their

human potential and learn culture.
 Enculturation- is the process by which people
learn the requirements of their surrounding
culture and acquire the values and behaviors
appropriate or necessary in that culture.
 First, socialization teaches impulse
control and helps individuals develop a
conscience .
 Second, socialization teaches individual
how to prepare for and perfotm a certain
social roles-occupational roles, gender roles
and the roles of institutions such as marriage
and parenthood.
 Third, socialization cultivates shared sources of
meaning and value.
 According to George Herbert Mead, it
develops through social interactions−−a
set of situations where individuals learn to
assume roles and meet the increasing level of
complexity of each situation.
 He proposed a four stage process of the
development of the self.
1. Child starts with mimicking behaviors and
actions of significant others around him or
her.
 Child takes different roles he or she
observes in adult society, and plays them
out to gain an understanding of the
different social roles.
 Game stage, organiztion begins and
definite personalities start to emerge.
 The child’s first encounter with “the
generalized others”
 Identity formation− is the development of an individual’s
distinct personality, which is regarded as a persisting entity
in a particular stage of life by which a person is recognized
or known.
 Cultural identity is one’s feeling of identity or affiliation with
a group or culture.
 Self−concept is the sum of a being’s knowledge and
understanding of his or herself
 National identity is an ethnical and philosophical concept
whereby all humans are divided into groups called nations.
 Religious identity is the set of beliefs and rituals and the
study of ancestral or cultural traditions, writings, history,
and mythology as well as faith and mystic experience
 Master identity gives order to the operation of the other
identities individually or collectively.
 Norm is a rule that guides the behaviors
of members of a society or group
 Normal refers to that which conforms to
norms.
 Normative refers to belief that are
expressed as directives or value
judgements.
 Some norms are proscriptive and
prescriptive
 Culturally defined standards that people
use to decide what is desirable, good and
beautiful.
 Values exist at different levels of generality.
 Values tend to be hierarchically arranged
 Values are explicit and implicit
 Values often are in conflict with one another
 Valuesand belief s not only affect how we
see our surroundings but also help from
our personalities
 Individuals may improvise on the
performance of their role.
 Role manipulation through impression
management has bearing on the formation
of a person’s self−identity.
 Impression management has the power and
influence to create a favorable public
opinion.
 Person’s ability to successfully perform role
manipulation depends on certain factors.
 This set is preset by society and through
the various forms and mechanisms of
socialization becomes self embraced
goals.
 Alignment is coursed through the
process of socialization.
 Conformity is the anticipated behavior to
follow.
 Makes sense within the context of
cultural norms, how they change over
time, how they are enforced, and the
likelihood of events.
 As behavior that violates expected rules
and norms.
 It is looked at in terms of group
processes, definitions and judgments.
 Lies not just in the behavior itself but in
the social responses of groups to the
behavior of others.
 It is a tricky phenomenon; it cannot be
readily and objectively identified.
 Deviance is normally seen as a form of
aberration, something that deviates from
the course of things and social
expectations.