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Geothermal
Comfort Systems
Defining “Geothermal” Energy
• Dictionary definition
– Relating to the internal heat of the earth
• The Earth acts as a giant solar collector, absorbing
approximately 50% of the energy emitted by the Sun.
• Air temperatures may fluctuate as much as 50F above
and below the annual average. However, only a few feet
below the surface, the changes in earth temperatures
are much less severe.
Heat Pumps
• Heat pumps “move” energy from one location to
another, instead of creating heat by burning fossil fuels,
such as a gas furnace does. -- (like your refrigerator).
• Geothermal Heat Pumps use the earth or well water to
provide heating, cooling and hot water for your home.
• A geothermal heat pump “moves” energy to/from the
ground, eliminating the outdoor equipment associated
with ordinary heat pumps or air conditioners.
The Basic Ground Source Heat Pump System
• The earth loop is placed in the ground either horizontally
or vertically, or it can be placed in a pond.
• Water and anti-freeze is circulated through the pipe,
transporting heat to the heat pump during the heating
mode and away from the heat pump during the cooling
mode.
• The heat transfer takes place inside the heat pump in a
water-to-refrigerant heat exchanger.
Energy Source
• During the heating season, the earth serves as a heat
source. (HE - Heat of extraction)
= Flow of Energy
Distribution Circuit (Heat)
Refrigeration
Circuit
Evaporator Condenser
TXV
The Refrigeration Cycle
• Heating Mode Operation
The Refrigeration Cycle
• Cooling Mode Operation
Free Energy
• Geothermal Heat Pumps use only a small amount of
energy to capture a large amount of FREE energy from
the earth.
Equipment Performance Ratings
• ARI has designated the efficiency ratings for water-to-air
heat pumps as:
– Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
• EER = BTU output divided by power watt input
• For cooling operation under steady state test
conditions
Uses
existing
well
• Key Considerations
– Adequate water supply (5-9 gpm in addition to
household requirements)
– Good quality water (low mineral content)
– Adequate discharge location (drainage ditch, field tile,
pond, etc.)
Positive & Negatives
• Closed loop systems
+ low maintenance
+ typical one time install, long warranty on pipe
- higher up front installation cost
- variable supply of btuh’s so sizing is critical
- requires dedicated space for wells or trenches
Horizontal Loop
2- Pipe Horizontal
3 feet
5- 6 feet
2 feet
10 ft.
2 feet
3 feet
5- 6 feet
2 feet
10 ft.
2-3 feet 1 foot
5- 6 feet
10 ft.
2-3 feet
Use drilling
rig like ones
used for
water well
drilling.
Pond Loop
Minimum ½
acre, 8 ft. deep
Spacers allow
for more
circulation
around pipes
Top View
Side View
Typically 3 to 5 coils,
300 feet long each
Horizontal Pond/Lake Loops
Slim Jim Lake Plate Heat
Exchanger
Racked Loops
Position, Fill & Submerge
Applications
• Forced air heating and cooling
• Supplemental water heating
• Forced Air Zoned Systems
• Dedicated water heating (radiant floor, snow
melt, domestic purposes, pools)
• Add-on splits to fossil fuel furnaces
Limitations
• Water-to-Air units:
• Return Air temperatures
• Adequate Ductwork
• Water-to-Water units:
Load-Side Flow
• Load-Side Temperature
Limitations
• All units:
• Loop Considerations
• Available Space
• Installation Costs
Typical
Closed Loop
Equipment
and
Accessories
Typical
Installation
Water-to-Water Systems
• Homes with large hot water
demands, radiant floor heat,
snow melt and indoor pools
can be ideal for water-water
systems.
RFH with a Fan Coil Cooling System
W2W
Unit
Cornerstone Christian Academy
Bloomington, IL
$9,650. / yr $3,827. / yr
Wheaton Christian Grammar School
Wheaton, IL
• Historics
30% Tax Credit