CELL CYCLE

series of events that take place in

a cell leading to its division and duplication of
its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two
daughter cells.
 TERMINOLOGIES
CELL CHROMOSOME

SPINDLE FIBERS CENTROMERE

CHROMATIDS SISTER
CHROMATIDS
HOMOLOGOUS DIPLOID
CHROMOSOME HAPLOID
CELL
smallest unit of life. Often
called as building blocks of
life.
CHROMOSOME
a threadlike structure
of nucleic acids and
protein found in the
nucleus of most living
cells, carrying
genetic information
in the form of genes.
SPINDLE FIBERS
protein structures that form early in
mitosis, or cell division. They consist
of microtubules that originate from
the centrioles, two wheel-shaped
bodies located in the centromere
area of the cell.
CENTROMERE
The region of a
chromosome to
which the
microtubules of the
spindle attach, via
the kinetochore,
during cell division.
CHROMATIDS
each of the two
threadlike strands into
which a chromosome
divides longitudinally
during cell division.
Each contains a
double helix of DNA.
SISTER
CHROMATIDS
refers to the identical
copies (chromatids)
formed by the DNA
replication of a
chromosome, with
both copies joined
together by a
common centromere.
HOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOME
chromosome
pairs (one from
each parent) that
are similar in length,
gene position, and
centromere
location.
DIPLOID
two complete sets of
chromosomes: one set
of 23 chromosomes
from their father and
one set from their
mother. The two sets
combined provide a
full complement of 46
chromosomes.
HAPLOID
when a cell has
half the usual
number of
chromosomes.
 G1 Phase

S Phase

G2 Phase
 MITOSIS
Functions:

• For growth; and

• For tissue repair
 G1 Phase
often referred to as the
growth phase, because this is the
time in which a cell grows. During
this phase, the cell synthesizes
various enzymes and nutrients
that are needed later on for DNA
replication and cell division.
 S Phase
is the part of the cell cycle in
which DNA is replicated,
occurring between G1 phase and
G2 phase. Precise and accurate
DNA replication is necessary to
prevent genetic abnormalities
which often lead to cell death or
disease.
 G2 Phase

the cell will continue to grow

and produce new proteins.
 Prophase
(Prepare)
the complex of DNA
and proteins
contained in the
nucleus, known as
chromatin,
condenses.
 Metaphase
(Middle)
The chromosomes
become attached
to the spindle
fibers.
 Anaphase
(Away)
replicated
chromosomes are
split and the
daughter
chromatids are
moved to opposite
poles of the cell.
 Telophase
The sister
chromatids reach
opposite poles.
Cytokinesis

Divides the
cytoplasm of a
parental cell
into two
daughter cells.
 Activity
Discuss the cell cycle from
G1 phase to Mitotic Phase.
Write your answer on a 1
whole sheet of paper. (20
pts.)
MEOITIC PHASE
 MEIOSIS
a type of cell division that results
in four daughter cells each with
half the number of
chromosomes of the parent cell,
as in the production of gametes
and plant spores.
MEIOSIS I
Meiosis is a specialized type
of cell division that reduces
the chromosome number by
half, creating four haploid
cells, each genetically
distinct from the parent cell
that gave rise to them.
PROPHASE 1
At the start of prophase I, the
chromosomes have already
duplicated.
METAPHASE 1
The pairs of chromosomes
(bivalents) become arranged
on the metaphase plate and
are attached to the now fully
formed meiotic spindle.
ANAPHASE 1
• two chromosomes of each
bivalent (tetrad) separate and
start moving toward opposite
poles of the cell as a result of the
action of the spindle.
• the sister chromatids remain
attached at their centromeres
and move together toward the
poles.
TELOPHASE 1
At each pole, during this stage, there
is a complete haploid set of
chromosomes (but each
chromosome still has two sister
chromatids). A cleavage furrow
appears, and by the end of this
stage the parent cell has divided into
two daughter cells. This separation of
the cytoplasm is called cytokinesis.
MITOSIS vs. MEIOSIS
QUIZ and
ASSIGNMENT

Compare and contrast

MITOSIS and MEIOSIS using a
Venn Diagram
(As many as you can)