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Manganese Processing in Hydro-Electrometallurgy

by :
Falih Aliyun Faiz Ode / 3334132729 / Number 43
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Outline
• Application of Manganese
• Manganese Ore
• Manganese Deposite
• Extraction of Mangan
• Hydrometallurgy
• Electrometallurgy
• Manganese Producing Company
• Summary
• Reference
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Application of Manganese

MnO2 on
KOH

Alkaline Battery Alloying Element

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Manganese Ore
• Silver-grey metals
• Density 7,21 gr/cc
• Recognized as element by Carl Wilhelm Scheele on 1774

Sedimentary Ore Manganese Nodule

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Manganese Deposite
Indonesia <10%
South Africa
Other 21%
24%

Gabon
12%
Australia
20%
China
Brazil 16%
7%

Manganese Sedimentary Manganese Nodule

Deposite Deposite (Clarion
Cliperton Zone)
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Extraction of Manganese

Reduction

Ore
Leaching

Purification Manganese Metal

Electrowinning
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Extraction of Manganese
Extraction of Manganese Nodules
• Hydrometallurgy
• Gaseous Reduction & Ammoniacal Leaching
• Cuprion Ammoniacal Leaching
• Elevated Temperature & Pressure H2SO4 Leaching
• Reduction and HCl Leaching
• Electrometallurgy
• Electrowinning of Manganese
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Hydrometallurgy
Gaseous Reduction &
Ammoniacal Leaching

Reaction
• Reduction

• Leaching
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Hydrometallurgy
Cuprion Ammoniacal Leaching
• Identical with gaseous reduction & ammoniacal leaching process
Gaseous Reduction & Cuprion Ammoniacal
Ammoniacal Process Leaching Process

Cuprion Ammoniacal
Leaching Reaction
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Hydrometallurgy
Elevated Temperature & Pressure H2SO4
Leaching
Hydrometallurgy 11

Elevated Temperature & Pressure H2SO4 Leaching

Reaction Operating Parameters

 Hydrometallurgy 12

Reduction and HCl Leaching

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Hydrometallurgy
Reduction and HCl Leaching

HCl Leaching Reaction

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Electrometallurgy
Electrowinning of Manganese
• Electrode potential of Mn is -1,13 V

+ -
Anode Cathode

Mn2+

e-
MnSO4
Mn2+

diaphragm
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Manganese Producing Company Manganese Ore

• Delta Manganese Mill

Nelspruit, Carbon
South Africa Calcining

Ammonia
Ammoniacal
Capacity : Leaching
28 000
Ammonium
ton/year Sulphide Ammonium
Sulphide
Precipitation
Sulphur
Dioxide to
increase Electrolysis
hidrogen
potenstial

Metal Packing
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Summary
• Manganese applied to alkaline battery & alloying element
• Manganese ore divided into sedimentary ore & manganese nodule
• Principle manganese hydro-electro extraction is :
Ore  Reduction  Leaching  Purification  Electrowinning  Mn Metal
• Extraction Manganese Nodule are :
• Hydrometallurgy :
Gaseous Reduction & Ammoniacal Leaching, Cuprion Ammoniacal
Leaching, Elevated Temperature & Pressure H2SO4 Leaching, Reduction
and HCl Leaching
• Delta Manganese is one example of manganese producing company
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Reference
• Chow, Norman. 2010. The Recovery Of Manganese From Low Grade
Resources: Bench Scale Metallurgical Test Program Completed.
Richmond: Kemetco Research Inc.
• Gupta, C.Kumar. 2003. Chemical Metallurgy Principles and Practice.
Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
• Habashi, Fathi. Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy Vol. 4
• Haynes, Benjamin. 1985. Laboratory Processing and Characterization of
Waste Material From Manganese Nodules. BuMines IC 8924, 1983, 100
pp.
• Haynes, Benjamin. 1985. Pacific Manganese Nodules: Characterization
and Processing. BuMines IC 8924, 1983, 100 pp.
• Harris, M. 1977. The Production of Electrolytic Manganese in South
Africa. Johanesburg: Journal of the South Africa Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy
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Thank you.
- Be a manganese, few in number but have an important role -
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Question and Answer.

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Ms. Soesaptri’s Question

1. Question : Is that CO2 as a leaching agent?
Answer : (on the slide 8)
(1)
(2)
Formula 1 show that reaction in pre-leaching treatment (reduction)
to form manganese carbonate when product of reducing pyrolusite
(MnO2) with CO react again with CO2 excess.
Formula 2 show the reaction between manganese from
manganese carbonate with leaching agent (NH3)
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Ms. Soesaptri’s Question

2. Question : (on the slide 10) tell more detailed about the
leaching,and copper producing process!
Answer :
• Sulphide Leaching
Leach the manganese nodule with 30% sulfuric acid at 245oC
and 35 atm(515 psig). The major metal value dissolve at leaching
agent except manganese. The reaction is on slide 11. Manganese
nodule (MnO2) become manganese sulfate (MnSO4). Because of
the high pressure and temperature process the manganese
sulfate react with O2 and become a slurry MnO2 and with
separate as decantation on the recovery process.
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Ms. Soesaptri’s Question (Cont’d)

2. Question : (on the slide 10) tell more detailed about the
leaching,and copper producing process!
Answer :
• Copper recovery process
Recovery copper from metal bearing solution is by ion exchange
process. Ion exchange is a recovery process that recover the pure
copper from metal bearing solution with resin (DOWEX M4195).
First step is sorption, absorp the pure metal with resin
[Cu2+]aq [Cu]r
2nd step is elution, to eluate the recover metal with sulfuric acid
[Cu]r [Cu2+]aq
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Ms. Soesaptri’s Question (Cont’d)

2. Question : (on the slide 10) tell more detailed about the
leaching,and copper producing process!
Answer :
• Copper Electrowinning process
Electrolyte had used from recovery process (CuSO4)
Anode : Lead-Antimony not react
Cathode : SS Cu2+aq + 2e- Cus
The anode is an inert metal don’t react. Copper will deposite
from electrolyte into cathode with electrolysis principle.
The product is pure 99.9% cathode (LME Grade A)
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Alry M. J’s Question

Question : what is the best type of manganese leaching?
Answer :
Actually the 3 types of manganese leaching is the best depend on
the company situatuin (budget, etc.)
According to me the best type of manganese leaching is a
ammoniacal leaching that have a profit :
1. Harmless for environment
2. Haven’t any special treatment for leaching agent (because acid –
leaching agent have to put into special tank)
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Rizqy Abdurohman’s Evaluation

“ Your presentation and English are good. But your cloth
little bit mess ”