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Computer Basics 1

Computer Basic 1 includes two lessons:

Lesson 1: Introduction to Computers

Lesson 2: Common Computer Terminology


Lesson 1 – Introduction to Computer
Objectives
After completing lesson 1, you will be able to:

 Describe the importance of computers in


today’s world.

 Identify the main parts of a computer.

 Identify the steps for starting a computer.

 Identify the different groups of keys on a


keyboard.

 Perform different tasks by using a mouse.


The Role of Computers

 In Business and Industry

 In Publication Field

 In Education Field

 In Government Organizations

 In Medical Field

 In Science Field

 In Entertainment Field
Parts of a Computer

1. Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse, etc.)

2. Output Devices (Monitor, Speakers, etc.)

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU) and memory

4. Motherboard (Circuit Board)

5. Expansion Cards (Video Card, Sound Card,


or NIC)

6. Hard Drive Ports and Connections (USB,


Firewire, etc.)
Parts of a Computer
Input Devices

 Mouse

 Keyboard

 Microphone

 Scanner

 Webcam
Parts of a Computer
Output Devices

 Monitor

 Printer

 Speaker/Headphone
Parts of a Computer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 A device that interprets and runs the


commands that you give to the computer.

 Also referred to as the processor.

 Two major brands are Intel and AMD


(Advanced Micro Devices)

 Examples: Intel Core 2 Duo, AMD Turion X2


Parts of a Computer
Memory

 Memory is where information is stored and


retrieved by the CPU.

 There are two main types of memory:


 Random Access Memory (RAM): It is the
main memory and allows you to
temporarily store commands and data.

 Read Only Memory (ROM): It is the


memory that retains its contents even
after the computer is turned off.
Parts of a Computer
Motherboard

o Is the main circuit board inside the computer.

o Has tiny electronic circuits and other components


on it.

o Connects input, output, and processing devices


together (CPU, Memory, Hard Drive, DVD Drive)

o Tells the CPU how to run.


Parts of a Computer
Expansion Cards

 Video Card – is connected to the computer


monitor and is used to display information
on the monitor.

 Network Interface Card (NIC) – is connected


to other computers so that information can
be exchanged between them.

 Sound Card– converts audio signals


(microphone or audio tape) which can be
stored as a computer audio file.
Parts of a Computer
Storage Devices

 Hard Disk

 Flash Drive

 CD-ROM

 DVD-ROM
Parts of a Computer
Ports and Connections

 Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port

 FireWire (similar to USB but faster)

 Network Port (Ethernet)

 Parallel Port and Serial Port

 Display Adapter

 Power
Using a Computer

 To turn on a computer, press the power


button on the system unit.

 Log on to the operating system by your


user name and password.

 Computers allow you to create, modify, and


save files.

 To shut down a computer, click Start, and


then, at the bottom of the Start menu, click
Shut Down.
Using a Keyboard
Using a Mouse

 A mouse is a small device that you can


use to move, select, and open items
displayed on your monitor.

 Most mouse devices have at least two


buttons, left and right.

 Mouse’s action:
o Point
o Double Click
o Left Click
o Right Click
o Click-and-Drag or Drag-and-Drop
Using a Mouse (cont.)

Different types of mouse devices available in


the market:

o Regular mouse

o Trackball mouse

o Optical mouse
Regular mouse

Optical

Trackball
Questions
Lesson 2 – Common Computer Terminology
Objectives

 Identify the primary hardware components


of a computer.

 Define an operating system and its role.

 Define the term program.

 Explain what is meant by data.

 Define the term network, and identify the


benefits of networking.

 Define the term Internet.


Hardware

 Refers to all the physical components of


a computer.
 Includes all input devices, processing
devices, storage devices, and output
devices.
 Examples of hardware are:
o keyboard
o mouse
o motherboard
o monitor
o hard disk
o cables
o printer
Operating Systems

 Is the most important software on the computer


 Controls and manages the hardware connected
to your computer
 Provides an interface that helps you to interact
with the computer
 Ensures that your computer is functioning
properly
 Windows XP is an example of the operation
system.
 Can be either text-based or graphics-based.
 Graphics-based operating system help you install
hardware or software with easy-to-use interface.
Programs

o The hardware and the operating system


together are referred to as a platform.
o Programs, also called applications, use this
platform to perform tasks.
o There are many types of programs:
o Some programs allow you to perform tasks
such as writing letters, doing calculations, or
sending e-mail messages.
o Other programs allow you to create
illustrations, play games, watch movies, or
communicate with other computer users.
Data

o Programs process data that you provide as input


to your computer.
o Data can be in the form of text, graphics, audio,
or video depending on the type of program.
o Program processes the data and displays the
output on the screen.
o You can save this output in a file.
o The file can be an audio file, a text file, a
graphics file, or a video file.
Networks

 Is a group of computers and associated


devices that are linked together to
facilitate sharing information.
 Can also be used to share data and
devices such as printers.
 A typical network has the following three
components:
o Server
o Workstation
o Communication channel
Networks
LAN(Local Area Network)
 Connects devices within a limited area
(home or a small group of offices)

 Commonly includes computers and


shared resources (printers and scanners)
Networks
WAN(Wide Area Network)
 Is a network that connects devices in
geographically separated areas.

 Is used to connect networks across


different countries.

 The Internet is an example of a WAN.


Internet

 Internet is a worldwide collection of public


networks that are linked to each other for
information exchange.
 Internet offers a range of services to its
users (file transfers between Internet users
and electronic mail)
 The World Wide Web (WWW), or the Web,
is another service that the Internet
provides.
 An intranet is similar to the Web but is
accessible only to authorized users of the
organization.
Questions
Next Class

Computer Basic 2

Includes two lessons:

 Lesson 3: Computer Performance and Features

 Lesson 4: Computer Operation Systems


Computer Basics

There are many types of computers


including:
Types of Computers

 Supercomputers...are used to process very large


amounts of information including processing
information to predict hurricanes, satellite images
and navigation, and process military war scenarios.
 Mainframes...are used by government and
businesses to process very large amounts of
information.
 Mini-Computers...are similar to mainframes...they
are used by business and government to process
large amounts of information.
 Personal Computers (PC)…
Types of Computers

 Personal Computers (Continued)

Personal Computers...also known as


PC’s...are smaller and less powerful than
the others. They are used in homes,
schools, and small businesses.
Types of Computers
There are 3 main types of PCs

 Desktop
 Portable (Notebook/Laptop)
When portable (notebook/laptop) computers were
first created they were HUGE. They weighed
around 100 lbs., and were carried in a large
luggage suitcase. The creators of the portable
(notebook/laptop) computer dreamed that one day
it would be the size a notebook or pocket
dictionary. With today’s technology, we have been
able to accomplish this goal and more..
 Hand-Held
Networks
 A network is a group of computers that share
information and hardware.
 The computers are connected together using copper
phone wires, fiber optic cables, or radio waves.
 Our computers are on a network here at
school...Look under the table and see the blue wires
that connect your computer to the network.
 The internet is many networks around the world that
are all connected together to make 1 huge network.
Parts of a Computer
 There are two basic parts that make up a
computer...
Hardware Software
Hardware

 Hardware is basically anything that you


can touch with your fingers.
Computer Case
CPU (central processing unit...Pentium chip)
Monitor
Keyboard & Mouse
Disk Drive, Zip Drive, CD-ROM, DVD,
Hard Drive
Memory (RAM)
Speakers
Printer
Hardware (Continued)
 There are three
types/categories of
hardware
1. Input Devices
2. Output Devices
3. Storage Devices
Input Devices
 Input basically means getting data into the
computer to be processed.

Keyboard, Mouse,
Trackball, Touch Pad
Light Pen, Laser Scanner,
Pointing Stick
Touch Screen,
Bar Code Reader, Scanner
Microphone, Joystick
Output Devices
 Output basically means getting data out of
the computer.

Monitor
Printer
Speakers
Headphones
Modem
Fax
Storage Devices

 Storage devices are both input and


output devices in one. A storage device
is a place to keep data that has been
processed so that it can be retrieved at a
later time to be used again.

Hard Disk
Floppy Disk
CD’s, DVD’s
Magnetic Tape
Flash Memory, Jump Drive
Software

 Software is the programs and applications


that tell the computer what to do and how to
look.
 Computer programmers write the
codes/instructions that make-up software
applications/programs.
 HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) is a
type of computer programming language that
allows programmers to make web pages.
 The next 2 slides show what HTML codes look
like and the web page the codes produce.
Two Types of Software
 Application
Software

 Operating System
Software
Operating System Software

 Directs all the activities and sets all the


rules for how the hardware and software
will work together.

Examples would be:


DOS, Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, XP,
Vista, Windows 7
Unix, Linux,
MAC system OS 6,7,8,9,10
Command Line Operating Systems

DOS is an example of a command line


operating system.

On the next slide, Notice that there are no:


 Icons (pictures)
 Colors
 Mouse Pointer
 Buttons
 You have to memorize commands in order
to use this text based operating system.
Operating Systems: GUI

 GUI stands for Graphical User Interface


Uses pictures (icons) to represent files, folders,
disk drives, modems, printers, etc.
GUI’s were created to make using a computer easier,
more interesting, non-threatening to
inexperienced users.
A mouse allows users to point at something and
click to make it work. With command line
you have to have all of the commands to
make your programs work.
Here is an example of a GUI
Application Software

 Programs that work with operating


system software to help the computer
to do specific types of work.
Application Software

 There are six basic types of application


software...
Application Software

1. Business software: word processors,


spreadsheets, and database programs.
2. Communication software: allows computers to
communicate with other computers: fax
software, Novell NetWare, AOL, Modem Software.
3. Graphics software: software that allows users to
create and manipulate graphics...Photoshop,
Print Shop, etc.
Application Software

4. Education and Reference software: Programs


that help teach new material and ideas, and
programs that can be used to find
information...Encarta, Worldbook Encyclopedia,
Jumpstart Kindergarten, MicroType.
5. Entertainment and Leisure software...Warcraft,
Age of Empires, Barbie Design Center, Mrs.
Pacman, Solitair
6. Integrated software: Combines several types of
software into one program or package...Quicken
(Spreadsheet/data
base/communications/reference) or Print Shop
(Graphics/Word processor).
Software
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING
 The Computer Hardware Servicing NC II
program is a vocational program that
teaches students how to install,
configure and maintain computer
systems and networks. It develops
students’ skills in diagnosis and
troubleshooting of computer systems, as
well as in the performance of computer
operations.
 The program enhances a student’s ability
in basic computer application programs,
MS-DOS/ Windows and Linux installation
and PC software and hardware support.
Also covered in the program are simple
programming and creation of budget
projections based on departmental
needs.
Career Opportunities for Computer
Hardware Servicing NC II graduates
 Computer technician – install,
maintain and repair computer systems
and equipment.
 IT Technical Support Officer –
monitors and maintains the computer
systems and networks of an
organization. They may install and
configure computer systems, diagnose
hardware and software faults and solve
technical and applications problems.
 Technical support representative –
answers questions from computer users
and solves problems with the installation
or operation of software.
 Computer Hardware Specialist – set
up equipment for employee use,
performing or ensuring proper
installation of cable, operating systems,
and appropriate software.

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