PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

IN THE EVENT OF AN
EARTHQUAKE

MYRNA T. RIVERA, MD, DTM&H, FPAFP, MAN, MHA

HEMS Coordinator
Medical Specialist III / Head, Emergency Department
Tondo Medical Center
November 18, 2013
PHILIPPINES
 What are Earthquakes?
• The shaking or trembling caused by the
sudden release of energy

• Usually associated with faulting or breaking

of rocks

• Continuing adjustment of position results in

aftershocks
 Where Do Earthquakes Occur and How Often?
80% of all earthquakes occur in the Circum-Pacific belt
– most of these result from convergent margin activity
– ~15% occur in the Mediterranean-Asiatic belt
– remaining 5% occur in the interiors of plates and on
spreading ridge centers
– more than 150,000 quakes strong enough to be felt are
recorded each year
The Pacific Ring of Fire (or sometimes just the
Ring of fire) is an area where large numbers of
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the
basin of the Pacific Ocean. In a 40,000 km
horseshoe shape, it is associated with a nearly
continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic
arcs, and volcanic belts and/or plate movements.
The Ring of Fire has 452 volcanoes and is home to
over 75% of the world's active and dormant
volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-
Pacific belt or the circum-Pacific seismic belt.
About 90% of the world's earthquakes and
80% of the world's largest earthquakes
occur along the Ring of Fire. The next
most seismic region (5–6% of earthquakes
and 17% of the world's largest
earthquakes) is the Alpide belt, which
extends from Java to Sumatra through the
Himalayas, the Mediterranean, and out
into the Atlantic. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is
the third most prominent earthquake belt. 0
 Earthquakes occur when the earth’s surface
shakes, causing strong movements among its
rocky layers.

Two types of earthquake:

1. Tectonic earthquakes are caused by sudden
displacement along the fault fissures in the
solid, rigid layer of the earth.
2. Volcanic earthquake is caused by the lava or
magma beneath active volcanoes. This type
of earthquake usually happens after a
volcano erupted.
 According to Engr. Reynaldo Antioquia of the
Philippine Volcanology and Seismology
(PHILVOLCS), the Philippines is one of the
nations belonging to the Pacific Ring of Fire. This
means that our country is prone to earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions.
The identified earthquake generators in the
Philippines are:
The Philippine Trench, East Luzon Trench, Manila
Trench, the Collisional Zone between Palawan
and Mindoro, Sulu Trench, Cotabato Trench,
Davao Trench, Philippine Fault Zone, and the
active faults of Lubang, Tablas, Casiguran, and
Mindanao.
METRO MANILA EARTHQUAKE
IMPACT REDUCTION STUDY
(MMEIRS)
 Metro Manila’s Seismic Threats

Model Magnitu Characteri

de stics
Manila
West Valley
Trench
Fault
08 – 7.2 Severe
West Damage
Valley
Fault Indonesia 2004,
DIGITALGLOBE
13 – 7.9 Tsunami
Manila (2m high)

Trench
 Intensity Distribution
CALOOCAN
NORTH

Intensity (MMI) VALENZUELA QUEZON CITY

NAVOTAS MALABON
9 CAL. SOUTH
MARIKINA

8 SAN JUAN PASIG

VIII - Very Destructive MANILA
MANDALUYONG
7 IX - Devastating PASAY MAKATI
PATEROS

6 TAGUIG

5 PARANAQUE

(Magnitude 7.2, LAS PINAS

West Valley Fault) MUNTINLUPA

Source: Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study (MMEIRS)

JICA-PHIVOLCS-MMDA
28
 Building Damage Estimates

1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
29
Source: MMEIRS
 Liquefaction Potential CALOOCAN NORTH

VALENZUELA

MALABON
NAVOTAS QUEZON CITY
High
CAL. SOUTH MARIKINA

Relatively High MANILA SAN JUAN

PASIG
MANDALUYONG

Relatively Low MAKATI PATEROS

PASAY
TAGIG

Low PARANAQUE

LAS PINAS

MUNTINLUPA

30
 Fire Outbreak Map

VALENZUELA
QUEZON CITY
MARIKINA

MANILA
MANILA PASIG

PATEROS

TAGIG
Maximum Burnt
Number
500 – 1,000
200 - 500
100 - 200 MUNTINLUPA
50 - 100
20 - 50
1 - 20

500 Fires may occur Factor Used: Wind Speed = 8m/sec

simultaneously Estimated Results: Area = 1,710 has.
Building: 98,000
31
Deaths = 19,000
 Estimated Statistical Damage
Heavily Damaged 8 - 10 %

Public Buildings
Partly Damaged 20 – 25 %

Heavily damaged or 13%

collapsed 170,000
Residential buildings
moderately damaged 25.6% or
350,000

90% from pressure of

Human Loss dead collapsed building
With population of 9,932,560 33,500

Injured 120,000
 Estimated Infrastructural Damage
Bridge 7
Large possibility falling-off
Flyover 0

Bridge 2
Moderate possibility falling-off
Flyover 0

Heavily Damaged 11%

10-30-story building (981)
Partially Damaged 27%

Heavily Damaged 2%
30-60-story building (119)
Partially Damage 12%
33
ESTIMATED CASES OF DEATHS AND INJURIES BY CITIES BASED ON
WORST CASE SCENARIO

34
 Subdivision Name City/Municipality Valley Fault System (West or East) Which Side of the Subdivision?

Amity Vil. Quezon City West Valley Fault System Easternmost portion
Christine Vil. Quezon City West Valley Fault System West of the subd.
Filinvest Homes II Quezon City West Valley Fault System Central portion, NE Trend
Vista Real Classica Quezon City West Valley Fault System Near southeast portion of the subd.
Capitol Homes Subd. Quezon City West Valley Fault System East side
Loyola Grand Villas Marikina City West Valley Fault System Transected in may parts
La Vista Quezon City West Valley Fault System East most side
Loyola Subd. Marikina City West Valley Fault System West and central portion
Montevista Subd. Marikina City West Valley Fault System East side
Industrial Valley Subd. Marikina City West Valley Fault System Central portion
Cinco Hermanos Subd. Marikina City West Valley Fault System West side
Blue Ridge A Subd. Quezon City West Valley Fault System East most side
White Plains Quezon City West Valley Fault System East side
Green Meadows Quezon City West Valley Fault System Central portion
Valle Verde 6 Pasig City West Valley Fault System West side
Valle Verde 5 Pasig City West Valley Fault System West most side
Valle Verde 3 Pasig City West Valley Fault System Southeast side
Valle Verde 2 Pasig City West Valley Fault System Northwest edge
Valle Verde I Pasig City West Valley Fault System West side
Kawilihan Village Pasig City West Valley Fault System Central portion, NS trend
Liberty Homes Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System Northeast portion

Source : MMEIRS, 2004

 Subdivision Name City/Municipality Valley Fault System (West or East) Which Side of the Subdivision?
New Alabang Hills Village Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System Cor. Sta. Anita Dr. & Kentucky Dr.
Lake View Subd. II Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System West side
Muntinlupa Bliss Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System East side
Jasonville Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System West edge; along Natl. Highway
Gruenville Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System Southeast side
Bruger Subd. Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System West side & east most edge
Lakeview Homes I Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System East side
JPA Subd. Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System Southeast side
Sto. Niño Village Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System Northeast & Central portion; NE Trend
Lodora Village Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System From NE to mid portion
R.M. Tiosejo Residential Subd. Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System West portion

RMT Industrial Subd. Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System Southwest & northeast side
Park Homes Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System Southwest & northeast side
Villa Carolina Subd. Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System Northwest side
Susana Heights Subd. Muntinlupa City West Valley Fault System East side
La Marea Hills San Pedro West Valley Fault System Northeast portion
Reaville San Pedro West Valley Fault System Central portion
East Rembo Makati City West Valley Fault System Transected
Comembo Makati City West Valley Fault System Transected
La Paz Biñan West Valley Fault System Transected
Stone Crest Subd. Biñan West Valley Fault System Transected
Villa Olympia Phase 6 Biñan West Valley Fault System Transected
 Estimated Lifeline Damage
Model 08

• Water pipeline - 4,600 km long Break at 954

points
• Electricity cable - 4,900 km long Cut of 31 km
• PLDT Telephone cable - 13,300 km long Cut of 97 km
• Of the 213 Bridges - 7 have high possibility
& 80 Flyovers of collapse
 REGIONAL VULNERABILITY
Regional Vulnerability
ANALYSIS
Analysis
 Comprehensive
Vulnerability

– Building Collapse
– Flammability
– Evacuation Difficulty

Source: Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study (MMEIRS)

JICA-PHIVOLCS-MMDA
Regional Vulnerability
Characteristics

• Building Collapse,
Flammability and
Evacuation Difficulty

• Flammability

• Building Collapse and

Evacuation Difficulty

• Evacuation Difficulty
 Possible Regional
Separation
• West
– Fire, Building
Damage
• North
– Bridge Damage
• South
– Bridge Damage
• East
– Building Damage,
Bridge Damage
Western District
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
Source : MMEIRS,432004
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
44
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
45
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
46
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
47
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
48
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
49
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
50
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
51
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
52
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
53
1 - 20
20 - 50

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 500

500 - 3000
54
Central District
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

56
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

57
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

58
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

59
 City of Navotas

1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

60
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

61
Eastern District
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

63
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

64
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

65
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

66
Southern District
 Las Piñas City

1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

68
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000

69
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000
1 - 20
20 - 50
50 - 100
100 - 200
200 - 500
500 - 3000
 Republic of the Philippines
Office of the President
METROPOLITAN MANILA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
Office of the Assistant General Manager for Operations
PUBLIC SAFETY DIVISION
EDSA Cor. Orense St., Guadalupe Nuevo, Makati City

“MMDA EARTHQUAKE CONTINGENCY PLAN”

OBJECTIVES
• General
– To provide an effective utilization of resources of the
MMDA that will mitigate the impact of a very
damaging earthquake to Metropolitan Manila.
• Specific
– To establish an effective and efficient system of
earthquake disaster preparedness and response to be
carried out by the units and personnel of the Authority
by defining the roles and providing sets of guidelines
on actions that will be carried out prior to and
immediately after the occurrence of a very strong
ground shaking due to the movement of the West
Valley Fault and other fault systems that can cause
severe damage to the metropolis.
– To enhance the response capability of the Authority
through regular emergency planning, coordination,
equipment buildup, training and drills.

– To increase the level of seismic safety of the region by

increasing the level of awareness, knowledge and
consciousness of the inhabitants of Metro Manila
through sustained information and communication
regarding the earthquake hazards.
ORGANIZATION OF TASK FORCE RAINBOW

TF “YAKAL”
COMMANDER

TF “YAKAL”
ASST. CMDR

ADMIN SPT & LOGISTICS EMERG OPNS CENTER DANA & PLANNING
AGM for Finance & Admin • Situation Analysis AGM for Planning
•Operations Control
Personnel Benefits & Admin •Communications Planning Section

•Public Information
Damage
Damage and Needs
Supplies & Logistics Damageand
andNeeds
Needs
Assessment
Assessment Teams
AssessmentTeams
Teams

Emergency
Flood Mitigation FloodBurial
Mitigation Search
Flood &
Mitigation FloodDebris
Mitigation Traffic
Flood Mgt.
Mitigation Emergency
Flood Mitigation MMDA
Flood Mitigation
Flood Mitigation Flood Mitigation Flood Mitigation Flood Mitigation Flood Mitigation Flood Mitigation Flood
Flood Mitigation
Mitigation
Communication
Flood Mitigation
Group Services
Flood Mitigation
Group Rescue
Flood Mitigation
Group Clearing
Flood Mitigation
Group &Group
Control
Flood Mitigation Engineering
Flood Mitigation
Group Volunteer
Group
Group Group Group Group Group Group Group
Group
Group
Group Group
Group Group
Group Group
Group Group
Group Group
Group Group

Emergency Rehabilitation
Flood Mitigation Camp Relief
Flood
Flood Mitigation
Mitigation Flood Mitigation Flood
FloodMitigation
Mitigation Flood
Flood Mitigation
Mitigation
Transport
Flood Mitigation Services
Flood Mitigation
Group Sanitation
Flood &
Mitigation Services
Flood Mitigation
Group
Group Group Group
Group Group
Group
Group
Group Group
Group HealthGroup
Mgt. Group
Group

NORTH WEST EAST SOUTH

SUB-TASK FORCE SUB-TASK FORCE SUB-TASK FORCE SUB-TASK FORCE
 TASKS

1. EMERGENCY EVACUATION
•North Sector
- Philippine Veterans Hospital, North Ave., Q.C.
•South Sector
- Phil. Army Golf Course, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City
•East Sector
- Ultra Sports Complex
•West Sector
- Intramuros Golf Course, Manila
2. SEARCH & RESCUE
- Locating and extricating trapped victims in collapsed
structures.
3. DAMAGE & NEEDS ASSESSMENT
- Determination of the extent of damages to determine
extent of necessary interventions.
4. DEBRIS CLEARING AND LIFELINE RESTORATION
•Priority Road Networks
- EDSA
- C-3
- Roxas Boulevard
- Taft Avenue
- Quezon Avenue/Commonwealth Avenue
- Quirino Hi-way (Quezon City)
•Priority Road Networks
- Osmeña Hi-way
- Quirino Avenue
- Araneta Avenue
- C-3 Road
- Shaw Boulevard
- R Magsaysay/Aurora Blvd/Marcos Hi-way
- Ortigas Avenue
- Others as may be indentified in detail
•Supply Lines from Air & Sea Ports
- NAIA Terminal to MMDA EOC in Makati City via
Roxas Blvd. and EDSA
- NAIA to MMDA EOC at Ultra I
5. EMERGENCY TRANPORT
- Mobilization of victims and resources via all available
means of transportation networks.
6. EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT
- Establishment of triage procedures & “Tent Hospitals”.
7. BURIAL SERVICES
• Temporary Burial Site
- Reclamation area along Macapagal Hi-way at the
vicinity of Mall of Asia.
8. EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION
- Establishment of network linkage with GMA, ABS-
CBN, TV 5 etc.
9. TRAFFIC & CROWD MANAGEMENT
- Undertaken to facilitate movement of resources and
people in coordination with LGU Traffic Enforcers &
PNP.
10. CAMP MANAGEMENT
- Ensuring sanitary conditions, good order and security
in evacuation areas.
10. EMERGENCY ENGINEERING
- Evacuation supports and rehabilitation.
11. RELIEF
- Provision of physical and psycho-social needs of
evacuees in coordination with DOH & DSWD.
- Establishment of Earthquake Disaster Relief Office
(Food Bank).
The deployment of Disaster Response Equipment Field Storage Units (DREFSU’s) in strategic areas in Metro
Manila is intended to make equipment and resources immediately available to the people to
enable them to quickly organize and respond.

GWAPOTEL - ABAD SANTOS EDSA - TIMOG

GWAPOTEL – PORT AREA

BATASAN

ALABANG MARIKINA

2
1 VALENZUELA
3 8
4
5
LAS PIÑAS 6
7

8 BALINTAWAK

NAVOTAS
NAVOTAS

TANDANG SORA
ROXAS BOULEVARD

LIBERTAD
EXISTING DREFTSU (8) TAGUIG

NAGTAHAN C5 - LIBIS
LOCATION OF DISASTER RESPONSE EQUIPMENT
MMDA
FIELD STORAGE UNITS EDSA - ORTIGAS