Divergence of a vector point function

The divergence of a continously diffrential vector point function

F = Fi
1 + F2 j + F3 k is denoted by div F and define by the equation

F1 F2 F3

divF = .F = + +
x y z

The divergence of a vector point function representing any physical

qantity given at each point the rate per unit volume at which the
physical quantity is issuing at that point
 Physical meaning of the divergence

z
ABCD PQRS

Let the amount of the fluid passes through ABCD is F  x, y, z 

Let v = vxi + v y j + vz k be the velocity of fluid at any point X  x, y, z 

The amount of the fluid passes through ABCD is F  x  x, y, z 

change in amount of fluid = F  x  x, y, z  - F  x, y, z 
F  x, y, z 
= x
x
vx
=  x y z by taylar theorum
x
similarly for two other pair of faces
 vx vy vz 
finally =  x y z    
 x y z 
 vx vy vz 
the rate of loss of fluid per unit volume =    
 x y z 
   
=  i j  k  .  vx i  v y j  vz k 
 x y z 

=  . v = div v
If div v = 0 then v is called solonoidal vector point function
or the fluid is incompresable

Q1: If  = 3x yi - y xz j + xyk then find div  at point 1, 2, 1

2 3 2

   
Sol: div  = . =  i  
j  k  . 3x 2 yi  y 3 xz 2 j  xyk 
 x y z 

   
  3x 2 y  y 3 xz 2   xy  
=   
 x y z 
 
= 6 xy  3 y 2 xz 2

div at point 1,2,1 =12 - 12 = 0

 Q2: If  = 3xyi - yxz j + zyk then find div 
2

   
Sol: div  = . =  i  
j  k  . 3xyi - yxz 2 j + zyk 
 x y z 

= 



   3xy   yxz 2   zy  

 x y z 
 
= 3y  xz 2 + y