"Good English, well spoken and well

written will open more doors than a

college degree... Bad English
will slam doors you don’t even know
exist."

-- William Raspberry
Learning English
Grammar:
The Sentence
- is a group of words that has a SUBJECT (topic of the sentence)
and a VERB (the word that indicates an action or state of being)-
expresses a complete thought or idea

- expresses a complete thought or idea

The Clause

• - is a group of words that has a Subject and a Verb that may or

may not have a complete idea. (Subject - Verb Combination)

• Note:
The verb must be a TENSED verb. The verb must take a time (Past,
Present, Future).
Types of Clauses
• 1. Independent Clause - has a Subject and a Verb and can
stand by itself for it contains a complete idea.

• Examples:
1.The woman attends the seminar.
2.The venue was set for the event.
3. The group will arrive tomorrow.
Types of Clauses
• 2. Dependent Clause ( Subordinate) has a subject and verb but
cannot stand alone for it does not carry a complete idea.

• Examples:
When the president arrives
Until the sun sets
Because I am sick
Basic Sentence Structures:

• 1. Subject-Verb- Object (S-V-O)

• 2. Subject - Verb - Subject Complement
(S-V-sC)
• 3. Subject - Verb - Adverbial Complement
(S- V- aC)
1.Subject - Verb - Object (S-V-O)
• Subject
- the topic of a sentence
- It may be a person, place, thing, animal or idea

• Examples
1. The student studies very well for the exams. (person)
2. The venue was prepared for the occasion. (place)
3. Education is the key to success. (idea)
Verb
• The word that expresses an action or a state of being

Types of Verb:

1. Transitive Verb - a verb that needs an object to complete its meaning

Examples:
• 1. She left the book.
• 2. I take the task daily.
• 3. I will bring the proposal later.
Types of Verb:
• 2. Intransitive Verb - a verb that expresses a doable activity and
does not need an object to complete its idea.

• Examples
1. She exercises every morning.
2. The group stood on the ground all day.
3. She will move next week.
Object
- answers the questions about the verb or receives the action

• Types of Object
Direct Object - completes the meaning of the verb by asking
WHAT? or WHOM?
Example:
• I want candy.

( candy is the direct object for it completes the idea of

the verb “want”)
Indirect Object
• answers the questions “ TO/ FOR WHAT? WHOM?”
• comes always with a direct object
• Example:
• Mary gave me a candy.

(me is the indirect object of gave while candy is

the direct object that receives the verb “ gave)
2. Subject – Verb – Subject Complement
(S-V- sC)
• Subject Complement (sC) – completes the meaning or say something about the SUBJECT

answers the question WHAT about the subject

Note:

The verb must be a TENSED verb. The verb must take a time (Past, Present, Future).

Examples:

• I am a Filipino.

• I = Subject

• Am = Be Verb

• Filipino = Subject Complement (Filipino completes the subject I)

3.Subject – Verb – Adverbial
Complement
• Adverbial Complement (aC) –completes the meaning of the
verb and answers the questions WHERE?, WHEN?, WHY? and
HOW?
• Examples:
I went to Manila.
• I = Subject
• Went – Verb
• to Manila – Adverbial Complement
• (to Manila answers the question WHERE?)
EXAMPLES
• Carl reads passionately. (passionately is the adverbial
complement and answers the question HOW?)

• They trained for the competition. (for the completion is the

adverbial complement and answers the question WHY?)

• The will leave in the morning. (in the morning is the adverbial
complement and answers the question WHEN?)