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Weight of fluid
W=
Volume of Fluid
Volume of Fluid
V=
Mass of fluid
• Specific Gravity (S):-
N
F pa= 105 Nm-2
p=
Nm-2
A m2 1psi =6895Pa
(Pa)
1.3 VISCOSITY
Viscosity is defined as the property of a fluid which
offers resistance to the movement of one layer of
fluid over another adjacent layer of the fluid.
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1.3 VISCOSITY
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VISCOSITY
Kinematic Viscosity (ϑ) :-
It is defined as the ratio between the dynamic viscosity
and density of fluid. It is denoted by the Greek symbol
(ϑ) called 'nu'. Thus, mathematically:
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• H .W.
• Newton's low of Viscosity :-
• Types of Fluid:-
• Thermodynamic Properties:-
Compressibility & Bulk Modulus :-
Compressibility:- It is the reciprocal of the bulk
modulus of elasticity. C= 1/ K
Bulk Modulus (K):- Defined as the ratio of
compressive stress to volumetric strain.
Relationship between Bulk Modulus (K) &
Pressure (P) for a gas.
1. For Isothermal Process :-
PV = Constant .
• Applications:
– Pressure variation within a reservoir
– Forces on submerged surfaces
– Tensile stress on pipe walls
– Buoyant forces
Pascal's law
• It state that the pressure or
intensity of pressure at a
point in a static fluid is equal
in all direction.
Hydrostatic Law of Pressure
• The pressure at any point in a fluid at rest is
obtained by the hydrostatic law witch state that
the rate of increase of pressure in a vertically
downward direction must be equal to the
specific weight of the fluid at that point.
• Increase of pressure = Specific weight (w)
HW
• Hydrostatic force on surface
• Total Pressure
• Center of Pressure
• Buoyancy
• Meta Center
• Condition of equilibrium of a floating &
submerged bodies