UNEMPLOYMENT,

POPULATION and
POVERTY ISSUES

MARIA FATIMA M. REYES

 What is Unemployment?
• In economics, unemployment refers to the
condition and extent of joblessness within an
economy

• measured in terms of the unemployment rate,

which is the number of unemployed workers
divided by the total civilian labour force

• Hence, unemployment is the condition of not

having a job, often referred to as being "out of
work", or unemployed
 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
1.) Frictional Unemployment
- when a person loses his current job and is out
looking for a new one
- the time period from shifting from one job to
another is known as frictional unemployment.

2.) Structural Unemployment

- happens because of structural changes in the
economy
- In this type of unemployment, workers do not
match with their jobs or they do not have the skill
that is required in doing the work.
 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
3.) Classical Unemployment
- Classical Unemployment occurs when real wages for
a job rises above the market-clearing level
- Because of this, many more people apply to that
job but only few vacant slots are available.

4.) Cyclical Unemployment

- happens when there is an economic
recession, wherein there is less demand for
goods and services
- During this time more unskilled workers are
unemployed due to the fact that demand for labour
decreases.
 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
5.) Seasonal Unemployment
- happens because there are
some jobs that concentrate
only at a certain time of the year
-Industries that are seasonal
may be fruit picking, tourism,
hotels and caterings.
 Causes of Unemployment
1.DEFECTIVE INVESTMENT SYSTEM
it is the most serious mistake of our
economic policy. This mistake has been
repeated again and again.
If we have adopt labour dominated
production system, investment certainly
created many jobs.
 Causes of Unemployment
2. TECHNOLOGICAL UNEMPLOYMENT
caused when developments in
technology replace human effort e.g.
in manufacturing administration.
 Causes of Unemployment
3. POVERTY
poverty and unemployment are
like twins. It is difficult to
distinguish them completely. a
person is poor because he is
unemployed and if he is
unemployed,poverty is natural
for him.
 Causes of Unemployment
4. DEFECTIVE SYSTEM OF
EDUCATION
our education system is a
rot learning. Its fail in
shaping the mental and
physical aspect of human
being.
 Causes of Unemployment
5. RAPID INCREASE IN POPULATION
 Causes of Unemployment
6. INADEQUATE DEVELOPMENT OF
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
our 70% of the people are living in
the villages. Hence, the agricultural
sector should provide the
employment to them.
 Causes of Unemployment
7. SLOW PROGRESS OF ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
-Employment increase is deeply connected
with grow rate of economic development.
8. OTHER CAUSES
- Recession
-REDUCED DEMAND FOR GOODS AND SERVICES
-LOW WAGES
- SEASONAL VARIATION
 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
ON THE INDIVIDUAL
1. Loss of Income
•Financial insecurity.
•Stress / Worry about bills.
•Fear of poverty.
2.Loss of Status
•Erodes self-esteem.
•Decline in self-confidence.
3. Loss of Social Contact
•Social isolation.
•Social life and leisure restricted by limited finance.
 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
ON THE INDIVIDUAL
4. Sense of Guilt
•Failed themselves
•Let down their family.
5. Health Problems
•Depression
•Anxiety
•Stress
•Alcohol abuse
 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
ON THE FAMILY
1.Decline in Living Standards
•Repossession of car.
•No foreign holidays / leisure activities.
•Loss of family home.
2. Poverty
•Common among unemployed families.
•Affects nutrition, schooling leading to
educational disadvantage.
•Insecurity
 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
ON THE FAMILY
3. Strained Relationships
•Tension
•Possibly violence in the home.
•Marital breakdown.
4. Children may Suffer Emotionally and
Psychologically
•Strain on relationships between parents and
children.
•Bored breadwinner creating tension.
•Worry about the future can result in ill health.
 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
ON THE FAMILY
5. Can Shape Children’s Views
of Employment/Unemployment
•Parents are role models for
children.
•Children of long term unemployed
may fall into poverty trap.
 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
ON SOCIETY
1. Increase in anti-social behavior
•Boredom can lead to drug or alcohol abuse, vandalism,
and crime.
•Areas develop bad reputations and become
unemployment black spots.
2. Cost to the State
•Unemployed people are financially dependent on social
welfare for their income.
•Loss of income tax for the government.
 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
ON SOCIETY
3. Decline in Population in Rural Areas
•People forced to leave an area in search of employment.
•This has a negative impact on other business and services leading to
further unemployment.
4. Children of Unemployed Parents are More Likely to be
Unemployed Themselves
Where long-term unemployment is accepted as the norm
children lack a positive work ethic and a pattern of unemployment
develops over generations.
5. Increased Growth of the “Black Economy”
Loss of tax revenue for the government as unemployed people
receive cash for work done while unemployed.
 Factors of inflation
• Inflation, in economics, is an increase in the
general level of prices
• There are 2 factors of inflation
(1) Demand- Pull Inflation. Demand pull inflation
happens when price levels go up because there are
problems concerning supply and demand.
(2) Cost push inflation. Cost push inflation happens
when the general prices of products rise, due to
increase in raw materials or wages.
 Relation of inflation to
unemployment
• There is an inverse
relationship between inflation
and unemployment.
• When unemployment is high,
inflation is low but when
Inflation is high,
Unemployment is low.
 POPULATION
• Is a group of similar
species living in a certain
place at the same time.
• Is the interaction between
the organisms that causes
a population to change.
CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION

•Size
•Density
•Distribution
 CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION
1. Size- pertains to the number of individuals in
a population.
2. DENSITY- defined as the number of
individuals of a species living in a particular
area of that population.
1. Population density increases when the factors are
favorable to the population and decreases when they
are unfavorable.
2. Population density may vary from year to year and is
determined by external factors.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATION
3. DISTRIBUTION- the arrangement of the individuals of a
population within a particular space.
a. Random Distribution- there is no specific order in
random distribution, the organism is spread throughout
the area without an over-all pattern.

b. Uniform Distribution- the organism are evenly

distributed over an area.

c. Clumped Distribution- the organism are

concentrated in an area. It may offer the population
protection from enemies.
 REASONS WHY FILIPINO HAVE AN IMMENSE
GROWTH OF POPULATION

• Tradition of Having Big Families

• Questions of Gender
• The male macho image
• Educational Background
• Unsatisfactory/Ineffective Family
Relationship
• Economic Reasons
• Contraceptive method
 Problems on Population Growth in the
Philippines

• Environmental problem
• Social Problem
• Economic problem
• Educational Problem
• Health Problem
• Spiritual and Moral problem
• Problem of Food Supply
• Problem of destruction of nature
 IMPACT OF POPULATION IN THE
DEVELOPING COUNTRY

• There will be an increase in working age

population and this will give the country
an opportunity to develop its human
capital
• The government and private sector will
have to start planning for their education
and health needs as well as for their
employment.
• A growing unemployment rate would
mean a rising crime rate, insecurity and
instability.
 POVERTY
• Inability to secure the minimum
consumption requirements for life, health
and efficiency on account of insufficient
income or property. These requirements
include minimum human needs in respect
of food, clothing, housing, education and
health.
 POVERTY
CAUSES EFFECTS
Income Distribution/Inequality Malnutrition

Natural Calamities and over Crime and Theft

population

Lack of quality Education Poor Economic Growth

Corruption Bad-living Condition

Lack of jobs Child labor

 Short-term Solution
• Recheck the poverty framework and
include strategies to fight poverty
• Reform institutions to enhance
coordination, improve efficiency and
lessen corruption. To maximize the money
we use. By enhancing coordination we
may minimize the amount of effort and
money we put into these projects through
an organized effort.
• It is said that we should address poverty
specifically per area. So that each place
receives the care it needs.
 Short-term Solution
• We should improve coordination between
the involved agencies and key
stakeholders as this will improve
efficiency between them.
• we should allocate and raise more money
to fight against poverty.
 Long-term Solution
• The government should increase available
resources for social services, poverty
reduction and infrastructure. They should
also maintain price stability to shield the poor
from high food prices and they should lessen
corruption and develop infrastructure in order
to boost investor confidence.
• The resources of the local government should
be enhanced and their coordination with the
national government should be improved.
• We should conduct more research regarding
poverty.
 POVERTY
1. Poverty is a very serious problem that must
immediately be dealt with in order to
minimize its effects.
2. The Philippines, its government and its
agencies have to undergo major reform to
fight poverty.
3. Poverty takes a great toll not only in the poor
but also the country as whole.
4. Although difficult, poverty may still be solved
and thus we must act quickly to solve the
problem.
THANK YOU 

GOD BLESS