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19th Feb,2018

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME- 1413: Engineering Materials

• Syed Hassan Shah
• Assistant Professor
• Department of
Mechanical Engineering
ME- 1413: Engineering Materials

COURSE OVERVIEW I
Instructor: Syed Hassan Shah
Time: As Per time table
Office hours: As per outline
Class Activities:
• Present new material
• Announce homework, exams, etc.
• Surprise and informed quiz

• No small talk or irrelevant discussion at all!!!

• Mobile phones on “Silent” all the time during class
• No “make up” quiz or exam
• No “extra marks” in mid term or final
• Attendance is your job – come to class! NO leave policy
• Class that start at 8’o clock, Student should be in class at 7:50
• NO Attendance “Make Up”
• Do not be late for class.
• NO need to take permission to enter or leave the class during the lecture
• Once Exam / Quiz commences no one will be allowed to enter or leave the class
• One week to get book printed.
ME- 1413: Engineering Materials

COURSE OVERVIEW II
• Books
• Preferred Books Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An
Integrated Approach, 4th ed ,William D. Callister Jr., John Wiley & Sons Inc
• The Science and Engineering of Materials, 6th ed
Donald R. Askeland – Pradeep P. Phulé.

• Reference Books
• Engineering Materials Science by Milton Ohring Academic Press
• Materials Science and Engineering Properties by Charles Gilmore,CL
Engineering(2014)
• Material Science for Engineering Students, Traugott Fischer, Academic Press
Elsevier.
• Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials 2nd Edition, Richard J. D.
Tilley, Wiley
ME- 2413:
1413: Engineering Materials

COURSE OVERVIEW III

Evaluation Method(Can be changed)

• Assignments 10%
• Quizzes (5 total) 20%
• Midterm Exam 20%
• Final Exams 50%
100%
Home Work/Assignments:
Homework and Assignments will be given to supplement and test your
problem solving skills using new gained knowledge.
 WHY STUDY MATERILAS
ENGINEERING?

UNLIMITED OPPURTUNITIES FOR EMPLOYMENT AND GROWTH!!!!

 History of Materials Engineering
• materials closely connected our culture
• the development and advancement of
societies are dependent on the available
materials and their use
• early civilizations designated by level of
materials development
 Stone Age – naturally occurring
materials
 Special rocks, skins, wood
 Bronze Age
 Casting and forging
 Iron Age
 High Temperature furnaces
 Steel Age
 High Strength Alloys
 Non-Ferrous and Polymer Age
 Aluminum, Titanium and Nickel
(super alloys) – aerospace
 Silicon – Information
 Plastics and Composites – food
preservation, housing, aerospace
and higher speeds
 Exotic Materials Age Nanomaterials and
 Nano-Material and bio-Materials –
they are already here! nanotechnology
 MATERIALS SCIENCE
VS
MATERIALS ENGINIEERING
• Materials Science Defined as the study of the properties of
solid materials and how those properties are determined by a
material’s composition and structure.

• Materials Engineering: (next slide)

• Materials Science and Engineering: An interdisciplinary study

that combines metallurgy, physics, chemistry, and engineering
to solve real-world problems with real-world materials in an
acceptable societal and economical manner
MATERIALS ENGINEERING 101!

Materials Engineering Tetrahedron

In materials engineering, a scientific approach is taken to improving the

performance of materials in real world situations by examining the
relationships between their structure, properties, and processing. This is
schematically shown above , and this concept can be applied to a wide
variety of materials, including metals, ceramics, polymers, and
composites.
 As shown in this diagram, a materials scientist and engineer’s main objective is to develop
materials or devices that have the best performance for a particular application. In most cases,
the performance-to-cost ratio, as opposed to the performance alone, is of utmost importance.
This concept is shown as the apex of the tetrahedron and the three corners are representative
of A—the composition, B—the microstructure, and C—the synthesis and processing of
materials. These are all interconnected and ultimately affect the performance-to-cost ratio of a
material or a device. The accompanying micrograph shows the microstructure of stainless steel.
CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
Classification of Engineering Materials
 CERAMICS
• A ceramic is an inorganic compound, non-metallic,
solid material comprising metal, non-metal or
metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent
bonds.
• The term ceramic comes from the Greek word for
pottery. It is used to describe a broad range of
Different Ceramic
materials that include glass, enamel, concrete, cement,
Powders:
pottery, brick, porcelain, and chinaware.
• They typically possess high melting points, low
electrical and thermal conductivity values, and high
compressive strengths. Also they are generally hard
and brittle with very good chemical and thermal
stability.
• Global Ceramics Market is worth $408 Billion in 2018
 POLYMERS
• A polymer (/ˈpɒlɨmər/) (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer,
"parts") is any of various chemical compounds made
of smaller, identical molecules (called monomers)
linked together. A polymer is a large molecule, or
polymers in the form of resins
macromolecule, composed of millions of repeated
linked units, “Monomers” a relatively light and
simple molecule.
• Some polymers, like cellulose, occur naturally, while
others, like nylon, are artificial.
• The Global Plastics Market is expected to reach USD
654.38 billion by 2020.

Plastics are type of Polymers

 COMPOSITES
• Composites are two or more materials with markedly
different physical or chemical properties – categorized
as “matrix” or “reinforcement” – combined in a way
that they act in concert, yet remain separate and
distinct at some level because they don’t fully merge
or dissolve into one another.
• The two materials work together to give the
composite unique properties.
• Composites Market worth 115.43 Billion USD by 2022
 ALLOYS
• Alloys are mixtures of metal with other metals or non-metals. This process gives the
material more desirable properties, such as increased hardness and lower melting
points
• Airplanes, car parts and cooking pots are all usually made of different types of alloys.
Some popular alloys include brass, solder metal, pewter, and sterling silver.
• All elements must be combined in their liquid phase and cooled down.

Metallic Alloy Wheels

 SMART MATERIALS
• “Smart” implies that these materials are able
to sense changes in their environment and
then respond to these changes in
predetermined manners—traits that are also
found in living organisms.

Shape Memory Alloys

“animated lamp” designed
by Romolo Stanco
 BIO MATERIALS
• Biomaterials is a growing field that focuses on the
development of materials to replace or augment human
tissues. Tissue engineering is a subset of biomaterials and is
rapidly expanding as a treatment for a wide range of medical
conditions
• These materials must not produce toxic substances and must
be compatible with body tissues

TiNi Coronary Heart stent

 SEMICONDUCTORS
• Semiconductors materials such as silicon (Si), germanium (Ge)
and gallium arsenide (GaAs), have electrical properties
somewhere in the middle, between those of a “conductor”
and an “insulator”. They are not good conductors nor good
insulators (hence their name “semi”-conductors).
• Applied classifications
Chemical make-up: organic & inorganic
- Electrical properties: conductor, insulator, & semiconductor
- Magnetic properties: A magnet will strongly attract
ferromagnetic materials, weakly attract paramagnetic
materials and weakly repel diamagnetic materials.-
- Size of materials: macro, micro, and Nano
CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL
MATERIALS © 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning™
STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS
CD under an electron
microscope, showing the pits
and lands of the data track.
Another Look At Size Classification!
 Structure Size Classification
STRUCTURE (length scale)

> 1 mm 1-1000 mm 0.2-10 nm < 0.2 nm

NANOMATERIALS & NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions
between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena
enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and
technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and
manipulating matter at this length scale.”

At the Nanoscale, materials exhibit unusual and attractive

properties: lower resistance to electricity, lower melting points,
and faster chemical reactions.
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
 This photograph shows a whitehot
cube of a silica fiber insulation
material, which, only seconds after
having been removed from a hot
furnace, can be held by its edges
with the bare hands. Initially, the
heat transfer from the surface is
MAE 224: ENGINEERING MATERIALS
relatively rapid; however, the
thermal conductivity of this material
is so small that heat conduction from
the interior [maximum temperature
approximately 1250°C (2300°F)] is
extremely slow. This material was
SINGLE developed especially for the tiles that
CRYSTAL POLYCRYSTAL
cover the Space Shuttle Orbiters
POLYCRYSTAL
+ PORES (Photograph courtesy of Lockheed
Figure 1.2 – Alumina (Al2O3) – single crystal and polycrystal
Missiles & Space Company, Inc.
 Properties of Materials

Mechanical properties of materials

Strength, Toughness, Hardness, Ductility,
Elasticity, Fatigue and Creep

Physical properties
Density, Specific heat, Melting and boiling point,
Thermal expansion and conductivity,
Electrical and magnetic properties

Chemical properties
Oxidation, Corrosion, Flammability, Toxicity, …
 MATERIALS SELECTION!
• Engineered Materials are a function of:
– Raw Materials Elemental Control
– Processing History
• Our Role in “Engineering Materials” then is to understand the
application and specify the appropriate material to do the job
as a function of:
– Strength: yield and ultimate
– Ductility, flexibility
– Weight/density
– Working Environment
– Cost: Lifecycle expenses, Environmental impact*

* Economic and Environmental Factors often are the most

important when making the final decision!
 SMART CHOICES THROUGH KNOWLEDGE
• applied scientists or materials engineers must make material choices
• materials selection
– in-service performance
– deterioration
– economics

BUT…really, everyone makes material choices!

aluminum glass plastic
 The Materials Selection Process

1. Pick Application Determine required Properties

Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.
2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)
Material: structure, composition.

3. Material Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.
MATERIALS SELECTION CHART
 SUMMARY
• Historical background
• Classification of Materials
• Structure of materials according to size
• Properties of materials
• Material selection process