19th century

The 19th century paved in the advent of

effective technological development
including the production of textbooks, use
of blackboards and improvements in
writing implements like pen and ink.
Photography was invented, giving a way
to a movement called ''VISUAL
INSTRUCTION''
1900-PENCIL

• just like chalkboard, the pencil is also found in

basically all classrooms in the U.S. In the late
19th century, mass produced paper and
pencils became more readily available and
pencils eventually replaced the school slate.
1901

• radio signals sent across Atlantic

• The earliest forerunners of the education
film were the newsreel, travelogue, and
the scientific motion picture.
1902

• Charles urban exhibited films which showed

the growth of plants, emergence of a butterfly,
and undersea views. These films are thought
to be the first educational films.

• Thomas Edison was one of the first to

produce films for classrooms.
1903-Stereoscope

• The Keystone View Company began to

market stereoscopes which are basically three
dimensional viewing tools that were popular
in homes as a source of entertainment.
1912
• The first experimental telephonic broadcast
was conducted in the Physics Department of
the University of Wisconsin

• Introduction of 16mm projectors

Educational Radio
It is believed that the oldest educational
radio station is WHA, owned by the state of
Wisconsin and operated by the University
of Wisconsin since 1917.
1925 Film Projector
• Thomas Edison predicted that, thanks to
the invention of projected images, “books
will soon be obsolete in schools. Scholars
will soon to be instructed by the eye.
1925 Radio

• New York City's Board of Education

was actually the first organization to
send lessons to schools through a
radio station.
1926

• Educational films were used as

instructional media
1927

• Pressey wrote on programmed learning

through a machine which tested and
confirmed a learning task

• The first public demonstration on television

was conducted
1930 Overhead Projector

• Initially used by the US military training

purposes in World War II
• it quickly spread to schools and other
organizations around the country
1940 Ballpoint Pen
• While it was originally invented in 1888, it
was not until 1940 that the ballpoint pen
started to gain worldwide recognition as
being a useful tool in the calssroom and
life in general
Ballpoint pen
1940 Mimeograph

• Surviving into the Xerox Age the

mimeograph made copies by being
hand cranked.
Electronic Computer Systems
• First Generation:1943-1956
• Used vacuum tubes in electronic circuits.
• Used punch cards to input and externally store data
• Up to 4k of memory
• Programming in machine languange ang assembly
language
• Required a compiler
First Generation:1943-1956
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Calculator)
• World's first electronic digital computer
• Used to produce WWII ballistic firing
tables for the U.S Defense Department
• ENIAC was unveiled in Philadelphia. It
represented a stepping stone towards the
true computer.
• It was built out of of some 17,468 electronic
vacuum tubes, ENIAC was the largest single
electronic apparatus in the world
1950 Slide Rule
• William Oughtred and others developed the slide
rule in the 17th century based on the emerging
work on logarithms by John Napier .
• Before the advent of the pocket calculator , it was
the most commonly used calculation tool in science
and engineering.
• The use of the slide rules continued to grow
through the 1950s and 1960s even as digital
computing devices were being gradually intoduced
Slide Rule
1951 Videotapes
• The electronics division of entertainer Bing Crosby's
production company, Bing Crosby enterprises, gave
the world's first demonstration of a videotape
recording in Los Angeles on nov. 11, 1951.
• Developed by John T. Mullin and John Wayne R.
Johnson since 1950, the device gave what were
described as “blurred and indistinct” images, using a
modified ampex 200 tape recorder and standard
quarter -inch (0.6cm) audio tape moving at 360
inches(9.1m) per second
1951 Videotapes
Second Generation:1957-1964

• 1956 IBM 350 RAMAC

• Used transistors, developed by Bell Labs.
• Up to 32k of memory
• Programming in computer languanges,
uc as FORTRAN and COBOL
1957 Reading Accelerator

• With an adjustable metal bar that

helped the students tamp down a
page, the reading accelerator was a
simple device designed to help the
students read more efficiently.
1957 Reading Accelerator
1957 Skinner Teaching Machine
• B.F. Skinner, a behavioral scientist,
developed a series of devices that
allowed a student to proceed at his own
pace through a regimented program of
instruction
1957 Skinner Teaching Machine
Programmed Instruction
• IN 1957,programmed instruction materials
based on Skinner's behaviorism are used
at the Mystic School in Masachussets.
Integrated Circuits
• In 1958, Texas instruments began
manufacturing integrated circuits on one
piece of silicon
COBOL Language

• In 1960 Common Business Oriented

Language was developed by a team drawn
from several computer manufacturers and the
Pentagon
• COBOL, the first packaged programs which
were sold by the Computer science
corporation
MOUSE
• IN 1963 CAD and Sketchpad were first
introduced and a patent was received on
the mouse pointing device
THIRD GENERATION 1965-1971

• Used integrated circuits

• Up to 3 million bytes of memory
• Lower cost, smaller size, and increasing
processor speed
Mini-Computers

• Mini computers and BASIC were both

introduced in 1964.
• The first Ph.D was awarded in
computer science to Dr. Wexelblat at
the University of Pennsylavania in
1965
1970 The Handheld Calculator

• The predecessor of the much-loved and must

use TI-83, this calculator paved the way for
the calculators used today.
• There were initial concerns however as
teachers were slow to adopt the to fear they
would undermine the learning of baic skills.
1970 The Handheld Calculator
FOURTH GENERATION 1972-NOW

• microcomputer Revolutions begins

• In 1971, Intel develops 4004, the first microproccesor
chip.
• Altair sold in 1975, the first personal computer. It is a kit
that must be assembled.
• Apple Computer is formed in 1976 and sells 50 Apple I
• Advances increase memory size, storage space and
processing speeds.
1980 – PLATO COMPUTER

Public schools in the U.S averaged about one

computer for every 92 students in 1984.The
Plato was one of the most used early
computers to gain a foothold in the education
market. Currently, there is about one computer
for every 4 students.
1980 – PLATO COMPUTER
1985 – CD-ROM Drive

• A single CD could store an entire

encyclopedia plus video and audio. The CD-
ROM and eventually the CD-RW paved the
way for flash drives and easy personal
storage.
1985 – CD-ROM Drive
1985 – Hand-Held Graphing Calculator

• The successor to the hand held calculator, the

graphing calculator made far more advanced
math much easier as it let you plot out points,
do long equations, and play ‘Snake’ as a
game when you get bored in class.
1985 – Hand-Held Graphing Calculator
1999 – Interactive Whiteboard
• The chalkboard got a facelift with the
whiteboard. That got turned into a more
interactive system that uses a touch sensitive
white screen, a projector, and a computer.
1999 – Interactive Whiteboard
THANK YOU!!!