CARS

INCLUDES
 WHAT IS…
 WHY…
 MAIN PARTS ……
 FUNCTIONING …..
 CHARGING SOLUTIONS……
 USE OF RENEWABLE SOURCES
 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
 ADVANTAGES……
 FUTURE PROPOSAL……

OF ELECTRIC CAR
WHAT IS AN ELECTRIC CAR?

An electric car is an alternative fuel automobile that uses

electric motors and motor controllers for propulsion, in place
of more common propulsion methods such as the internal
combustion engine (ICE). Electric cars are specifically a
variety of electric vehicle created or adapted for use on the
road. Electric cars are commonly powered by on-board
battery packs, and as such are battery electric vehicles
(BEVs).
WHY THE ELECTRIC VEHICLES?

Reducing Dependence on Foreign Oil

Zero Emissions Equals Zero Guilt
INSIDE AN ELECTRIC CAR
The heart of an electric car is
the combination of:
The electric motor
The motor's controller
The batteries
An AC controller hooks to an AC motor. Using six sets of power transistors, the
controller takes in 300 volts DC and produces 240 volts AC, 3-phase. See How the
Power Grid Works for a discussion of 3-phase power. The controller additionally
provides a charging system for the batteries, and a DC-to-AC converter to recharge the
12-volt accessory battery.
 The controller takes power from the
batteries and delivers it to the motor.

When you push on the gas pedal, a cable from

the pedal connects to these two potentiometers:

Heavy cables (on the left) connect

the battery pack to the controller. In the
middle is a very large on/off switch. The
bundle of small wires on the right carries
signals from thermometers located
between the batteries, as well as power for
fans that keep the batteries cool and The heavy wires entering
ventilated. and leaving the controller
FUNCTIONING OF E.C…..
•The gasoline engine is replaced by an electric motor.
•The electric motor gets its power from a controller.
•The controller gets its power from an array of rechargeable bateries
The 50-kW controller takes in 300
volts DC and produces
240 volts AC, three-phase. The box that says
"U.S. Electricar" is the controller.

The vacuum pump is left of center.

An automatic transmission shifter

is used to select forward
and reverse. It contains a small switch,
which sends a signal to the controller.

The water heater

 The Magna-Charge inductive
paddle charging system

The 120/240-volt charging The "gas gauge" in an

system electric car is either a simple
volt meter or a more
sophisticated computer that
tracks the flow of amps to
and from the battery pack.

The gasoline engine, along with the muffler, catalytic converter, tailpipe and gas
tank, were all removed.
The clutch assembly was removed. The existing manual transmission was left in
place, and it was pinned in second gear.
A new AC electric motor was bolted to the transmission with an adapter plate.
An electric controller was added to control the AC motor.
 Fifty 12-volt lead-acid batteries were placed in the battery tray (two sets of 25
to create 300 volts DC).
Electric motors were added to power things that used to get their power from the
engine: the water pump, power steering pump, air conditioner.
A vacuum pump was added for the power brakes (which used engine vacuum
when the car had an engine).
A battery tray was installed in the floor of the car.
The shifter for the manual transmission was replaced with a switch, disguised
as an automatic transmission shifter, to control forward and reverse.
A small electric water heater was added to provide heat
A charger was added so that the batteries could be recharged. This particular car
actually has two charging systems -- one from a normal 120-volt or 240-volt wall
outlet, and the other from a magna-charge inductive charging paddle.
The gas gauge was replaced with a volt meter.
Everything else about the car is stock. When you get in to drive the car, you
put the key in the ignition and turn it to the "on" position to turn the car on. You
shift into "Drive" with the shifter, push on the accelerator pedal and go. It performs
like a normal gasoline car.
Mechanical layout…
ADVANTAGES…
 Performance graph…
•Continuous
Torque
•0-60 in 3.9
seconds
•125 mph top
speed
Cost And Time Trend……
Comparison Between Gasoline And
Electric Car…
CHARGING AN ELECTRIC CAR
1. Opening the gas filler door
reveals the charging plug.

2. Close-up of the plug

3.Plug the car in anywhere to recharge.

The Magna-Charge System
The Magna-Charge system consists of two
parts:
A charging station mounted to the
wall of the house
A charging system in the trunk of the
car
 The charging station is hard-wired to a 240-volt 40-amp circuit
through the house's circuit panel.

The charging system sends electricity

to the car using this inductive paddle:

The paddle fits into a slot hidden behind

the license plate of the car.

The paddle acts as one half of a transformer.

The other half is inside the car,
positioned around the slot behind the license
plate. When you insert the paddle,
it forms a complete transformer with
the slot, and power transfers to the car.
USE OF RENEWABLE SOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
Breath of fresh air.
Electricity may be just
one answer
, but it's an especially
desirable one.
As the universal currency
of energy, it can be
generated
from coal, solar, wind,
hydro
, and nuclear sources — or
a combination of all of
them.
No matter how or when Enjoy the scenery without
the world changes destroying it. Electric vehicles
, electricity can adapt, produces zero emissions,
easily and safely meaning views like these are
preserved for generations to
come.
Generation Sources And Percentage..
 ACCEPTENCE IN DAY TO DAY
LIFE…
An Italian Carabinieri GEM e2, called the Ovetti (egg), used
for patrolling urban areas

GEM e2 NEV used by the Tourist Police in

Playa del Carmen, Mexico, being recharged

Best Hybrid Cars - 2011

2011 Toyota Prius
The currently available 3rd generation 'Prius two' variant has an impressive mileage of
51/48 MPG in city and highway respectively. You need to pay a starting price of about
$23,000 for this hybrid car. The Toyota Prius is incorporated with a 1.8 liter DOHC 16-Valve
engine and a permanent magnet AC synchronous motor, which collectively gives a power of
134 hp.
2011 Honda Insight Hybrid
The Honda Insight is considered to be the closest competitor to the Prius. For a mileage of 40 MPG in
the city and 43 MPG on the highway, you have to pay a base price of around $18,000. The main
technical specs comprises a 1.3 liter i-VTEC engine with the Honda Integrated Motor Assist (IMA)
system which generates a decent 98 hp.
2011 Honda Civic Hybrid
If you are thinking to buy a sporty, good looking inexpensive sedan, which has a good mileage; Honda
Civic Hybrid is the most recommended. This Honda car is powered with a 1.4 liter 8-Valve SOHC i-VTEC
4-cylinder engine which supplies 110 hp and the Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) system. The base price of
this hybrid vehicle is reported to be about $24,000.
2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid
The Hyundai Sonata Hybrid is fitted with a 2.4 liter In-line 4-cylinder DOHC engine and a
permanent magnet high-power density motor system, both of which give out 206 hp. This car from
Hyundai has a 6-speed automatic transmission. The company claims the mileage to be 35 MPG on
city roads and 40 MPG on highways. The cost of the Sonata Hybrid comes around $26,000.
2011 BMW ActiveHybrid 750i
This BMW car has a 4.4 liter TwinPower Turbo V8 engine with an electric motor, which give a combined
power of 455 hp. It comes with an eight-speed automatic transmission. Being a top class luxury car, it
has other features such as Lane Change Warning, BMW Night Vision, and camera systems. Coming to
the mileage, it is approximately 17/26 MPG in city and highway. The price of this car is claimed to be
starting around a substantial $102,000.
2011 Mercedes-Benz S400 Hybrid
This is one of the best luxury hybrid cars 2011. It is incorporated with a 3.5 liter V-6 mild-hybrid engine
which gives a power of 295 bhp. It has a 7-speed automatic transmission gearbox. It is believed to give a
mileage of 19 MPG in the city and 25 MPG on the highway. The base price of this luxury car is
considered to be about $91,000.

2011 Lincoln MKZ HYBRID

This is another high end car from the Lincoln brand. It houses a 2.5 liter 16V Atkinson I-4 engine
and a Permanent Magnet AC Synchronous Motor which generates a power of 191 hp. The estimated
mileage is 41 MPG in the city and 36 MPG on highways. You may have to pay a starting price of
about $35,000 to purchase this front wheel drive car.
 FUTURE PROPOSAL….
1).ETHANOL AS FUEL
 25% of fuel air mixture becomes useful energy, rest is emit out as
co(poison)
co^2(greenhouse gas)
no & no^2(formation of acid rain)
so^2(yuck!)
CH^2O(embalming fluid)

 the solution is ethanol(corn liquor that is renewable source and adding to gasoline raise the m
80%)
2.)HYDROGEN HYBRID CARS
 Cars With Electric Motor In Every Wheel
 An Onboard Source To Generate Electricity
 No Mechanical Linkages What So Ever
 A Fuel More Prominent Than Any Element In The Universe
 With Drinkable Water As A Exhaust

Not Fancy..The Solution Is HYDROGEN ELECTRIC CARS

HYDROGEN WILL BE THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE….
•Bridges The Gap Between Transportation And Renewable Sources
•Hydrogen Is The Most Abundant Element In The Universe
• About 92%of The Universe Is Made Up Of Hydrogen
•Produces No Pollution And It Could Be Made Renewably Without Any Carbon dioxide
Production
•We Have Abundant Source Of Hydrogen In Form Of Water, hydrocarbons, as Well As In
Form F Grasses And Trees

HYDROGEN ELECTRIC CAR …

•We Use Electrolysis Of Water To Separate Hydrogen And Oxygen.
•It Takes Molecules Of Water And Splits It Into Its Component Parts
•Hydrogen Is Separated And Captured As A Gas
•To Utilize This Hydrogen We Use A Fuel Cell Car
•In Fuel Cell The Reverse Of Electrolysis Process Is Carried Out..
•Here The Combining Of Hydrogen And Oxygen Takes Place To Generate Electricity
•In the fuel cell the hydrogen molecule breaks and electricity is generated
• air enters the fuel cell

•H^2 molecules break and electricity is generated

•Generated electricity is passed to the motors And water is removed from the exhaust
As the sole purpose of hydrogen fuel is to charge the electric
motor….
Why not just drive an electric car….
What is the advantage of fuel cell….
Answer to this is..
• We can go further and we can recharge much faster as we
have to just refuel that takes just five minutes
• That’s compared to an overnight charge for an all electric
wheel car
 Thankyou

!!!!!!!!!!@_@!!!!!!!!!!!