Civilspedia

......Current Affairs Digital Library

List of the Topics
Prelims Editorial
• Corruption Perception • Is there a case for reservation for
Index the Forward class?
• Yuva Swabhiman Yojana – Yes / No / Its Complicated
• Polar Vortex
• Unemployment
Estimation methods

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Corruption Perception Index
In News Key Words

• Index
• Transparency International
• India’s Position
• Remarks

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Classroom Classes.
Corruption Perception Index
About Transparency International
• Released by Transparency • Vision – Corrupt free world
International • Works together with governments,
• The index ranks 180 countries by their businesses and citizens to stop the
perceived levels of public sector abuse of power, bribery and secret
corruption
deals.
• Uses a scale of 0 to 100
• International Secretariat -Berlin
– 0 – Highly corrupt
– 100 – Very clean
• First launched in 1995
Corruption Perception Index
CPI - 2018 India - 2018
• More than 2/3rd countries score • India’s score:
below 50
– 2018 – 41/100
• Average score – 43
• Continued failure of most countries – 2017 – 40/100
to significantly control corruption is • India’s rank:
contributing to a crisis in democracy
around the world – 2018 – 78/180
– 2017 – 81/180

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Corruption Perception Index
Comments on India
• As India gears up for its upcoming
elections, we see little significant
movement in its CPI score, which
moved from 40 in 2017 to 41 in
2018
Comments on India
• Public Anti-corruption mobilization
efforts of 2011 have ultimately fizzled
and fell flat, with little to no
movement on the ground to build the
specialist anticorruption
infrastructure required

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Yuva Swabhiman Yojana
In News
Keywords
• About
• State
• Targeted Beneficiaries
• Impact Area
Yuva Swabhiman Yojana
About
• To provide employment for the
unemployed youth from the
economically weaker sections of the
society
• State – Madhya Pradesh
• Targeted Beneficiaries – Urban
youths + EWS
• 100 days employment per year to
the youth from the economical
weaker sections of the society
Impact Area
• Would cover the uncovered urban
population under Mahatma Gandhi
National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act (MNREGA)
• Additional skill development training
in the field of their choice during
employment period
Polar Vortex in USA
Polar Vortex in USA
• Persistent, large scale, whirling cone of
low pressure over the poles.
• Strongest in the winter months due to
the increased temperature contrast
between the polar regions and mid-
latitudes
• Stronger jet streams observed
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• Polar vortex spins in the stratosphere
• Polar vortex may be disrupted by
sudden stratospheric warming due to
upward propagation of wave energy from
the lower atmosphere
• Disruption leads to weakening / splitting
of polar vortex.
Polar Vortex in USA
Effects
• Sudden Freezing temperatures in
mid latitudes
• Wind chills leading to Hypothermia
• Causes Frost bites, may lead to
amputation of limbs
• May last for days to weeks
• Movement of people is affected

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Surveys for measuring Unemployment
5 year Survey
• Quinquennial Survey
• By National Sample Survey Office
(NSSO)
• Not done since 2011-12
• 5-yearly surveys used to come
with a lag of over one or two years,
thus reducing the possibility of timely
analysis.
Periodic Labour Force Survey
• Launched in April 2017
• Will replace 5 year survey
• By NSSO
• Annual survey mapping of
unemployment
• Supply data from both formal and
informal sector
• Computer Assisted Personal
Interviewing (CAPI) Method.
• Will provide timely statistics
• 1st survey report yet to be released
Surveys for measuring Unemployment
Other Surveys Entreprise Surveys
• Annual Labour Force Survey –Labour • The Economic Census by MoSPI
Bureau – Collects data only for a part (Statistics & Program Implementation)
of a year
• Population Census – once in 10 years • Annual Survey of Industries by MoSPI
by • Unorganized Sector Surveys of
• Labour Force Participation Rate Industries and Services by NSSO
(PLF/TLF) by MoSPI
• Quarterly Employment Survey (QES)
• EPFO Payroll Data
(Labour Bureau)
• House hold Surveys
• Enterprise Surveys • MSME Census (Ministry of Micro,
• Government Schemes Small and Medium Enterprises)
Case for Reservation for FC
Yes
• Social justice is not possible if we
exclude the economically backward
sections of the society
• Since, social justice isinclusive in
nature
• It means that no marke of
ckwardness is left untouched,
which includes poverty as well
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• The Preamble promises to all citizens
social, economic and political justice.
• Poverty denies equality of opportunity
in education employment, decent living
• Hence reservation for forward classes
is required
• 10% reservation in general category is
not restricted to upper caste Hindu
only;open to all
Case for Reservation for FC
Yes:
The Test of Constitutionality
• Indira Sawhney Case
• Ceiling is applicable for reservation in
socially and educationally backward
category only under Article 15(4) and
16(4) of the Constitution
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• Present Quota introduced through
the 124th Constitutional Amendment
Bill is provided though adequate
amendments in Article 15 and 16 of
the constitution.
• “Advancement of Economically
Weaker Sections”
• Social Justice – Dynamic concept
that evolves over time
Case for Reservation for FC
No:
• Willful subversion of the Social • When Article 15 was amended by
Justice , which SC has held to be the inserting Clause (4), No use of
part of the basic structure of the income or economic criteria for
constitution determining backwardness - Hence
• Reservations – Adequate constitutionally invalid
representation to those sections of
society that areoppressed by caste
discrimination – Social upliftment of
the backward classes of Indian
Society
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Case for Reservation for FC
No:
The Alternatives
• The government has cut away another
• Employment under MGNREGA slice from the already shrinking pie of
Scheme public sector institutions
• Instituting new universities and • Demonetization and poor
colleges and need based scholarships implementation of GST has led to
may be provided economic distress
• Corporate led jobless growth has • 10% reservation is nothing but a fig
increased the income inequality leaf to cover the monumental failure of
exponentially making little difference the government on all fronts
in the reservation to FC • Push away India rom its hope on social
• Public spending for scholarships harmony
have come to an halt
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Case for Reservation for FC
Its Complicated:
CAA
• When you allow reservation for the
advanced classes, it changes the
meaning of reservation
• Article 368(2) – Parliament can
amend the Constitution by passing
a bill in each House by a majority of
the total membership of that House
present and voting – Presidential
Assent
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CAA + Ratifications of ½ of the
total SLA
• Article 54
• Article 55
• Article 73
• Chapter IV of Part V
• Chapter V of Part VI
• Chapter I of Part XI
• Any lists in VII Schedule
• Or Representation of the states in
the Parliament
Case for Reservation for FC
Its Complicated:
• Article 15 – Prohibition of
discrimination
• Article 15(1) & (2) – State shall not
discriminate against “any citizen” on
grounds only of race, caste, sex, place
of birth or any of them.
• Article 15(3) onwards – Protective
discrimination – the policy of granting
special privileges to underprivileged
sections – Foundations of
reservations in education and
employment in the country
• Article 15(5) – 93rd CAA, 2005.
• Enabling clause empowering the
state to bring in 27% reservations
for OBC.
• Challenged in SC – Upheld
reservation, but not applicable to
Creamy layer
• Also upheld the validity of 93rd
CAA, 2005
• Amendment does not violate the
basic structure of the Constitution
Case for Reservation for FC
Its Complicated:
• SC ruling – Reservation is a remedy
for historical discrimination and
the continuing ill effects
• Reservation is not aimed at
economic upliftment or poverty
alleviation
• Economic weakness is on account
of social backwardness
• Economic criteria will lead to
virtual deletion of Article 16(4) from
the Constitution
• Households earning less than 8 LPA
and owning less than 5 acres can
avail reservation
• Salary of ₹66000 a month
• Is this a new poverty line of India?
• Why are those earning more than
₹25000 being taxed?
• Reservation is not an anti –poverty
programme.
Thank
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