TOPIC - FLOOR

PRESENTATION BY –
ANURAG SINGH
SIDDHANT ABNAVE
 WHAT IS FLOOR?
• A floor is the bottom surface of a room or vehicle.
Floors vary from simple dirt in a cave to many-
layered surfaces modern technology. Floors may be
stone, wood, bamboo, metal or any other material that
can support the expected load.
 Types of Flooring Materials
01. Tiles Flooring
• Amongst all the type of flooring used in the house, “tile flooring” is a very common and
popular. The tiles are available in varieties of colours, textures and patterns.
• Tiles flooring also have types like vitrified tiles, ceramic tiles, porcelain tiles, etc. We have
tried to give a brief explanation on all various types of tiles:
02. Stone Flooring

Stone flooring is natural,

beautiful, and always stylish that
stands out in contrast to any
synthetic or manufactured stone
products. Natural stone also comes
in different types such as granite,
marble, limestone, slate, travertine,
sandstone, etc. All the types of stone
have different characteristics. The
naturally cool, hard surface is ideal
for warm climates.
 02(a) Granite Flooring
Granite is igneous rock. Granite
flooring a is a type of natural stone flooring
and it is most suitable for the kitchen area. It
is also used in an outdoor area like pathways.
Granite flooring does not feel as cold as
marble does.
02(b) Limestone Flooring
The limestone has beautiful
textures as they are sedimentary rocks by
nature. Limestone flooring is perfect choice for
bathrooms, dining rooms and hallways.
Limestone flooring does not have that pattern
as compared sandstone flooring.
 02(c) Sandstone Flooring
Sandstone flooring is composed of
loose grains of quartz sand that are rough in
texture. The natural beauty makes sandstone
flooring great for interior floors as well as
exterior decoration including flooring, paving,
parking, etc.
02(d) Slate Flooring
Slate flooring is a made up of
metamorphic rock that was formed in layers, so
it easily splits into thin sheets that are cut into
tiles. Rougher surfaces of slate flooring are
perfect for entryways, patios and kitchens.
03. Wood Flooring
Wood flooring is very old type of flooring material; however, it has never been
outdated. It is used under special circumstances such as in hilly areas and in damp places. With
proper care and maintenance, wood flooring can last a long time. There are various types of
wooden flooring which are commonly used
 03(a) Solid Wood Flooring
Solid wood flooring is made from a
piece of wood which has thickness of around
20 mm. Solid wood flooring can be installed in
any room of your house, except in areas where
there is high moisture content such as kitchen,
bathrooms and basements.
03(b) Engineered Wood Flooring
Engineered wood flooring is made
with the core of plywood and a layer of
solid wood attached on its top. It can be
installed even in kitchen areas, apart from
other rooms of your house.
Engineered wood flooring gives more
attractive look than laminate wood
flooring.
 03(c) Laminate Wood Flooring

Laminate wood flooring is obtained by placing a layer of a photographic image of

wood over a fiberboard. As it is a synthetic product, it does not give look and feel of natural
wood. Laminate wood flooring can be installed in any room such as living room, bedroom,
and dining room except wet areas like bathroom and laundry rooms.
 04. PVC or Vinyl Flooring
PVC flooring is also known as vinyl
flooring. These types of flooring material have a
very smooth top surface and a rough lower
surface. Vinyl flooring is a good choice for areas
that are prone to spills and moisture such as
kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, also for
offices, etc.
05. Concrete Flooring
Concrete flooring is one of the
oldest types of flooring. It is commonly used
throughout the world for almost all types of
buildings. Concrete flooring is extremely
strong and is able to withstand the pressure
from very heavy equipment such as cars,
trucks, etc.
• 06. Mosaic Tiles Flooring
Mosaic tiles are created by
assembling tiny pieces of glass, tiles or natural
stones. You can use them in the kitchen,
bathroom or bedroom floors. The use of
mosaic will give decorative look to your
house.
• 07. Terrazzo Flooring
• Terrazzo flooring is a concrete surface
with special type of marble chips
embedded in it. Terrazzo flooring is
commonly recommended for bathrooms,
dining rooms, offices, hospitals, etc
 08. Glass Flooring
Glass flooring is not very common,
but can be used in aristocratic buildings both
residential and public particularly to have
smooth and pleasing surface. Glass flooring is
generally bacteria and dirt-resistant.
9. Mud Flooring
Mud flooring is most suitable for
Indian conditions and climates. It is commonly
used in village areas. Mud flooring is very
cheap and hard. It is fairly impervious, easy to
construct. However, it is difficult to maintain.
 10. Brick Flooring
Brick flooring is one of the oldest
types of flooring materials. It is majorly used in
courtyards, stores, godowns, etc. Brick flooring is
durable and provides sufficiently hard floor
surface. It provides a non-slippery and fire-
resistant surface.
11. Carpet Flooring
In carpet flooring, the carpet is
made from wool or from synthetic fibers, such
as polypropylene, nylon, or polyester. It is
the most versatile of all flooring options,
featuring more colours and textures than any
other types of flooring material. It is a kid’s
friendly flooring option used in the kid’s
bedroom and also in living room, bedroom,
etc. However, cleaning can be issue.
 12. Cork Flooring
Cork is a natural material obtained
from the outer bark of cork oak tree. It is
available in the form of coloured tiles or
sheets. Cork flooring is mostly used in the
kitchen, dining areas, etc. This type of
flooring material is environmentally friendly.
Cork flooring is considered a renewable and
sustainable natural resource.
13. Rubber Flooring
Rubber flooring is most popular in
Asian Countries. This type of flooring is
noiseless, comfortable in walking, and very
durable. The initial cost of rubber flooring is a
little bit high. It gives excellent wearing surface.
 14. Acid Resisting Flooring
In chemical laboratories, acid
manufacturing factories, storage battery
factory buildings and such other places where
the floor is subjected to the actions of acid,
such types of floor finishing are used.
15. Magnesite Flooring
Magnesite flooring consists of
calcined magnesite, magnesium chloride,
wood dust, ground quartz or silica and fine
powdered wood waste. It is used as finishing
surface on concrete floor slabs. It is also
known as the composition of a “jointless
floor”. These types of flooring, though not
very common, is cheap, gives a smooth surface
and can be laid jointless on the rough surface
as the material is flexible.
3D Floor
A 3D floor plan, or 3D floor plan, is a virtual model of a building floor plan, depicted from
a birds eye view, utilized within the building industry to better convey architectural plans.
 The choices of flooring materials are forever growing and a wide
range is available to suit your needs. You can choose different types of flooring
materials that are hard or soft and pick from a wide range of variety of styles
and colours. Don’t forget, you are going to use your flooring every minute in
your house, so choose well and carefully. Without great flooring, a house can
never be great.
 Cost of Flooring
• Flooring – a surface of a room on which one stands, where you spent most of the time,
where you kids play. Flooring regularly undergoes different stress like wear-n-tear, abrasion,
furniture loads, aggressive chemical cleaning, etc. The choice of flooring material is also
affected by different elements like cost, durability, comfort, and more.
• Tiles Price ranges from Rs 50 to Rs 200 & above
• The cost of tile varied with size
• The cost of the tile also varies with brand and design
 Cost of flooring

Item Ahmedab Vadodar

Mumbai Pune Bangalore Delhi Goa Nagpur Nasik Surat
Details ad a

Cost of
Rs 80 Rs 75 Rs 90 Rs 90 Rs 75 Rs 70 Rs 70 Rs 65 Rs 55 Rs 55
Tiles

Labour Rs 40 Rs 35 Rs 35 Rs 35 Rs 35 Rs 30 Rs 30 Rs 35 Rs 35 Rs 35

River
Rs 30 Rs 20 Rs 25 Rs 35 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20
Sand

Cement Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20

Cleaning
& Rs 25 Rs 20 Rs 25 Rs 25 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 20 Rs 15 Rs 15 Rs 15
Grouting

Sq/ft 185 Sq/ft 170/sq ft 185 Sq/ft 185 Sq/ft 170/sq ft 160/sq ft 160/sq ft 150/sq ft 145/sq ft 145/sq ft
 Sizes
• Tiles are available in many sizes from small 3/8" mosaics to 24"x48" slab tiles and everything
in between.
• 13"x13" has been our most popular size for floors and
• 8"x10" the most popular for walls. The up and coming sizes are 16"x16" for floors and 8"x12"
for walls.
• As a result, we have started to show many 12"x24" tile options for floors and wall.
• Many floor tiles also come in multiple sizes depends upon customers, which allow the
creation of interesting patterns
 Rubber flooring where they are used?
• Roll or sheet rubber flooring comes in pre-cut rolls in a range of sizes and styles.
• You can then spread the sheet out on the floor to install it – rubber flooring can be installed on
top of existing flooring or on a subfloor. This format is best for permanent use of rubber
flooring
• As such, it will work great in these spaces: Garages , Kitchens , Bathrooms , Dedicated
playrooms , Dedicated home gyms.
• You likely won’t change your garage, bathroom or kitchen flooring regularly, so putting down
rolls as a permanent solution is a smart idea. As for playrooms and gyms, both spaces may be
dedicated areas or ones you use temporarily.
• If you have a space you only use for either exercise or for your kids to play in, then installing
rubber flooring via rolls will give you the benefits of the material all the time.
• Tiles, Rubber flooring also comes in interlocking tiles that you can easily set up and
disassemble if you want to change their location. Each tile can connect with any other you
purchase, making them a versatile option. Because these tiles can be portable, they are ideal
for spaces you can’t keep up all the time, such as:
• When moving, you want your belongings to get to the destination safely, and putting them on
rubber tiles can help cushion a bumpy ride.
 Garden or terrace floor
• In gardening, a terrace is an element where a raised flat paved or gravelled section overlooks a
prospect. A raised terrace keeps a house dry and provides a transition between the hard
materials of the architecture and softer ones of the garden. Balcony Garden is nearly the same
but is less beneficial
 Different types of Wood used
• Red Oak, Janka Hardness Rating 1290
• White Oak, Janka Hardness Rating 1360
• Maple, Janka Hardness Rating 1450
• American Cherry, Janka Hardness Rating 950
• Birch, Janka Hardness Rating 1260
• Walnut, Janka Hardness Rating 1010
• Hickory, Janka Hardness Rating 1820
• Yellow Pine, Janka Hardness Rating 690-870
• Beech, Janka Hardness Rating 1300
• Ash, Janka Hardness Rating 1320
Exotic Wood Species
Exotic Wood Species have a tendency of more color variation from board to board and
more unusual grain patterns. We are seeing a growing trend with homeowners opting for these
exotic species because they provide a natural warmth and offer more of a one-of-a-kind
appearance than a traditional oak floor. Typically, exotic wood species score higher on the Janka
Hardness Scale than standard domestic wood species do. Exotic wood species look beautiful in
any setting

• Amendoim, Janka Hardness Rating 1912

• Brazilian Cherry, Janka Hardness Rating 2820
• Santos Mahogany, Janka Hardness Rating 2200
• Tigerwood, Janka Hardness Rating 2160
• Kempas, Janka Hardness Rating 1710
• Brazilian Teak, Janka Hardness Rating 3540
• Timborana, Janka Hardness Rating 1570
• Brazilian Walnut, Janka Hardness Rating 3680
• Tiete Rosewood, Janka Hardness Rating 3280
 Roofing terracotta
Why terracotta(clay) roof tile is the best choice for your ideal home?
• The term terracotta might take you back to your history
• or geography lessons at school, or it may remind you
• of a documentary seen on the Discovery Channel.
• The term terracotta is old because it is really old and
• has been a part of human settlements since the dawn
• of well, settling. If you are in the market for smart raw
• materials to build your house, then clay materials, especially clay roofs should be at the top
of your options.
What is terracotta and how old is it?
• The word terracotta is derived from Italian, which means baked-earth. It is a clay based
earthenware, fired and it’s body is porous. Terracotta/earthenware was the only type of
ceramic produced by Western and pre-Columbian people until the 14th century when
European higher fired stoneware began production. Terracotta has been used throughout
history for sculpture and pottery as well as for bricks and roof shingles.
 Carpets and rugs
• Carpets are an integral part of Indian craft traditions. The origin of carpet weaving traditions
in India goes to the medieval period. The Mughals borrowed the Persian technique of carpet
weaving. Mughal carpets were as elaborate as their miniature paintings and illustrated court
life, animals and floral motifs. Now, carpets in India are mostly made in Mirzapur of UP and
Kashmir produces fine silk carpets.
• Pattern is also an integral part of the hand-made knotted carpet. The patterns varied from
vines and floral patterns, animal and bird figures, arabesques, rhomboids and geometric and
calligraphic patterns. Later, Persian style was amalgamated with Indian design giving rise to
Indo-Islamic carpet.
 Carpets and rugs
• To pick the right carpet fiber, consider how you live in each room. There are four basic types
of carpet fiber:
• Nylon
• Nylon is the most durable and stain resistant carpet fiber available, when treated with stain
protection. It is the fiber of choice for homes with pets and children and for those who
entertain a lot. Perfect for heavy traffic in hallways and stairs.
• Polyester
• Polyester is known for its luxurious look, feel and wonderful selection of colors and styles. It's
a good value for homes with a normal amount of traffic.
• Olefin
• Olefin offers good stain and moisture resistance, but scores below nylon and polyester for
wearability It is best suited for loop pile construction or high, very dense cut piles.
• Wool
• Favored for its natural beauty. Wool carpet has natural soil resistance qualities, but is not
inherently stain resistant. Wool looks good for a long time and is well constructed.
 Types of rugs
Natural fiber rugs
• Natural fibers, such as wool, cotton or silk, are used in handmade rugs. They are much more
durable than mass-produced synthetic rugs and made of the finest quality materials. Natural
fibers last longer and release no harmful gasses into the environment over time. They can be
hand-knotted, hand-tufted or flat-woven.
• 1. Wool rugs
• 2. Cotton rugs
• 3. Jute and sisal rugs
• 4. Silk and viscose rugs
Synthetic fiber rugs
• Synthetic rugs are typically machine-made and woven on a power loom. With machine-
made rugs, you have the ability to customize the size, colors, patterns, etc. The details are
entered into a computer, and a rug forms exactly how you want.
• 1. Nylon rugs
• 2. Olefin rugs
• 3. Polyester rugs
Size of the carpets
Size 6 x 9

Size 6 x 9

Size 9 x 12 Size 4 x 6
One of the Ardabil Carpets A Tree of Life pattern An 18th century Savonnerie
tapisserie at the Palace of Versailles
 REFERENCE
• https://www.homedepot.com/b/Flooring/N-5yc1vZaq7r
• https://gharpedia.com/types-of-flooring-materials/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooring
• https://www.hoskinghardwood.com/department/hardwood-floors/Choosing-a-Hardwood-
Flooring-Wood-Species.aspx?dId=7&pageId=40
• http://gosmartbricks.com/why-terracottaclay-roof-tiles-is-the-best-choice-for-your-ideal-
home/
• https://theflooringgallery.com/Types-of-carpet-construction.aspx
• https://www.angieslist.com/articles/7-common-materials-area-rugs.html