ANALISIS REAKTOR

• Mass flux in, min

min = Q in x C in

m=QxC
mass/time = volume/time x mass/volume
• Mass flux out, mout
mout = Q out x C out

m out = Q out x C
mass/time = volume/time x mass/volume
• Net rate of chemical reation, mreaction
– Net rate of production of a compound from
chemical or biological reactions.
– Mass/time
– Positive or negative
– Usually expressed in terms of concentration

– Mrxn = V x (dC/dt)
• Conservative compound
– dC/dt = m reaction = 0
• Zero order decay : the rate of loss of
the compound is constant
– dC/dt equals – k
– Mrxn equals - Vk
• First order decay
– Rate of losses of the compound is directly
proportional to its concentration
– dC/dt equals – kC, for such compound Mrxn
equals - VkC
 Steps in mass balance problems
• Draw a schematic diagram of situation
• Write a mass balance equation
dM/dt = Min – Mout + Mrxn
• Determine whether the problem is steady
state or not (dm/dt = 0) or non steady state
(dm/dt = V dC/dt)
• Determine whether the compound being
balanced is concervative (mrxn = 0) or non
conservatives (mrxn must be determined
based on the reaction kinetics.
 Analisis Reaktor
Analisis reactor dapat mengacu pada
kesetimbangan massa untuk menganalisa
konsentrasi polutan dalam volume control baik
itu pada reaktor kimia ataupun model sistem
alami sebagai reaktor kimia (misal: sungai,
danau, dll)
• Reaktor-reaktor ideal dapat dibagi menjadi
dua tipe :
1. CMFRs ( Completely Mixed Flow Reactors)
2. PFRs ( Pug Flow Reactors)
CMFRS ( COMPLETELY MIXED FLOW REACTORS)
CMFR digunakan untuk model pencampuran sempurna suatu waduk atau danau

Persamaan Mass Balance

PFRS ( PUG FLOW REACTORS)
- Penempakan seperti pipa
- digunakan sebagai penggambaran situasi pada pergerakan polutan didalam suatu
sungai
 Batch Reactor
• The reactor that has no inlet or outlet is termed as
batch reactor.

Min = 0 and M out = 0

dM/dt = M rxn
VdC/dt = V (dC/dt) (reaction only)
dC/dt = dC/dt (reaction only)
Retention time and other expression form V/Q
Retention time, detention time, and residence time
t = V/Q
No Persamaan mass balance Kondisi Jenis Reaktor

1 𝑑𝑚 - Kondisi Steady state CMFRs

= 𝑚𝑖𝑛 - 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡 ± 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑑𝑡
- Senyawa konservatif
0 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛 - 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡 ± 0
(tidak mengalami
𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡
penguraian)

2 𝑑𝑚 - Kondisi Steady State CMFRs

= 𝑚𝑖𝑛 - 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡 ± 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑑𝑡
- Senyawa non konservatif
0 = 𝑄𝐶𝑖𝑛 - Q. C – V.k.C
(Reaksi peluruhan orde 1)
Sehingga:
𝑄
C = 𝐶𝑖𝑛 . 𝑄 𝑖𝑛
𝑜𝑢𝑡 +𝑘.𝑉

3 𝑑𝑚 - Non steady state CMFRs

= 𝑚𝑖𝑛 - 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡 ± 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐶 - Senyawa non konservatif
V. 𝑑𝑡 = 0 − 𝑄. 𝐶 − 𝑉. 𝑘. 𝐶 (reaksi peluruhan orde 1)
𝑄
𝐶𝑡 − 𝑉+𝑘 .𝑡
=𝑒
𝐶𝑜
4 𝑑𝑚 - Non steady state CMFRs
= 𝑚𝑖𝑛 - 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡 ± 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑑𝑡
𝑄 - Senyawa konservatif
− 𝑉 .𝑡
𝐶 = 𝐶𝑖𝑛 . (1 − 𝑒
LANJUTAN
No Persamaan mass balance Kondisi Jenis Reaktor

5 𝑑𝑚 - Non steady state Reaktor Batch

= 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑑𝑡 - Reaksi peluruhan orde 1
𝐶𝑡
= 𝑒 − 𝑘.𝑡
𝐶𝑜
6 𝑑𝐶 - steady state Reaktor Batch
= −𝑘. 𝐶
𝑑𝑡 - Reaksi peluruhan orde 1

7 𝑑𝑚 - steady state PFRs

= 𝑚𝑖𝑛 - 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡 ± 𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠𝑖
𝑑𝑡
𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑘.𝑉 - Reaksi peluruhan orde 1
− 𝑄
= 𝑒
𝐶𝑖𝑛

8 𝐶𝑡 - Non steady state PFRs

= 𝑒 − 𝑘.𝑡
𝐶𝑜 - Reaksi peluruhan orde 1
 Example Steady State CMFR with First Order
Decay
• The CMFR is used to treat an industrial waste
product, using a reaction that destroys the pollutant
according to first order kinetics, with k = 0.216/day.
The reactor volume is 500 m3, the volumetric flow
rate of the single inlet and exit is 50 m3/day and inlet
pollutant concentration is 100 mg/L. What is the
outlet concentration after treatment?
dm/dt = min – mout + mrxn
0 = QCin-QC-VkC

C = Cin x Q / (Q + kV)
C = Cin x 1 / (1 + kV/Q)
100 mg/L x 50 m3/day
C = ----------------------------------
50 m3/day + (0.216/day)(500 m3)
LATIHAN
A lake receives 4000 m3/d of a pristine stream, but an industrial
polluter also dumps 430 m3/d of untreated sewerage with a pollutant
concentration of 180 mg/L. the lake has a volume of 100.000 m3. if the
pollutant decay with first order kinetics with a reaction rate constant of
0.7/d, what is the steady state concentration of pollutant in the lake?
Example of Steady State CMFR with
Conservative Chemical Mixing
• A pipe from a municipal wastewater
treatment plant discharges 1.0 m3/s of
poorly treated effluent containing 5.0
mg/L of Cadmium compunds into a
river with a upstream flow rate of 25
m3/s and a background Cadmium
concentration of 0.010 mg/l. What is
the resulting concentration of
Cadmium (in mg/L) in the river just
downstream of the plant outflow?
 Comparison of CMFR and PFR Performance
Determine Cout given Cin, V, Q and k
• Determine Cout/Cin
V = 100 L, Q = 5.0 L/s, k = 0.05/day

Determine V, given Cin ,Cout , Q and k

• Determine V
Cout/Cin = 0.5 Q=5.0 L and k=0.05/s
dm/dt = min – mout + mrxn
Qin =Qout
Qd= Qu + Qe = 26 m3/s

0= (CuQu+CeQe) – CdQd + 0
Cd =(CuQu+CeQe) / Qd

=(0.010 mg/L)(25 m3/s)+(5.0 mg/L)(1.0m3/s)

-------------------------------------------------------------
26 m3/s
 Example Required Volume in PFR
• Determine the volume required for a PFR to obtain
the same degree of pollutant reduction as in first
example. Assume that the flow rate and first order
decay rate constant are unchanged (Q= 50 m3/day, k
= 0,216/day)
Cout/Cin = 32/100 = 0.32

Cout/Cin = exp [- (kV/Q]

0.32 = exp [-(0.216/day V / 50 m3/day)
V = ln (0.32) x 50 m3/day/-0.216/day
= 264 m3
Example of Retention Time in a CMFR and PFR
• CMFR

t = V/Q = 500 m3/50 m3/day = 10 days

• PFR

t = V/Q = 264 m3/50 m3/day = 5.3 days

 CONTOH (KONDISI STEADY STATE DAN LAJU REAKSI PELURUHAN ORDE- 1)
1. CMFRs digunakan untuk mengolah air limbah hasil kegiatan industri. Diketahui
reaksi degradasi pollutan mengacu pada “first order decay” dengan k =
0.216/hari. Volume reactor adalah 500 m3, debit yang masuk sama dengan debit
yang keluar yaitu sebesar 50 m3/hari, dan konsentrasi Pollutant di inlet adalah
100 mg/l. berapakah konsentrasi outlet setelah pengolahan.
2. Perbandingan antara CMFR dan PFR. Tentukan konsentrasi yang keluar dari reactor
CMFR dan PFR apabila diketahui : V = 200 L, Q = 8 L/det, k = 0,05/dtk. Kondisi
steady state
Tentukan volume yang diperlukan untuk PFR dengan reaksi penguraian orde 1 yaitu k
= 0.216/hari, Q = 50 m3/hari, Cin = 100 mg/L, Cout = 32 mg/L