Renewable Energy

System
For our Home sweet Home
Why Renewable Energy?

Green Energy
Gradually decreasing fuel content of
Thermal Power Plants
Natural source of Energy is
inexhaustible, free of cost & easy to
utilize
Alarming facts that are ‘TRUE’
Energy Requirement CO2 Emission

X2 ÷2
Around 2030, CO2 emission shall
energy requirement have to be halved
will be doubled by then
Hence “GO GREEN"
Renewable Energy used in the project

• Solar Energy
• Wind Energy

Devices used

• Solar panels containing PV cells

• Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
 How a Silicon-Based Solar Cell Works
• Light with energy greater than the band gap energy of Si
is absorbed
• Energy is given to an electron in the crystal lattice
• The energy excites the electron; it is free to move

• A positive “hole”
is left in the electron’s
place

• This separation of
electrons and holes
creates a voltage and a
current
Sunlight to Electricity

Solar
Sunlight D.C. Inverter A.C.
Panel

We can use a battery for storing excess energy

produced during daytime, if required, and supply
during evening and night.
Specifications of Solar Panels
• 1kW system consisting of 5 solar panels each
having a rating of 200W.
• Each solar panel has an area of 8 sq.ft.
• Highly efficient poly-crystalline Si is used in
PV cell panels, which are framed in Al.

Production Capacity
•D.C. to A.C. Conversion efficiency=90%
•Taking avg. peak hrs. of sunlight=3.63hrs per day
total units generated per day=1x0.9x3.63=3.2kWh
•Avg. lifetime of solar panels is nearly 25-30 years.
Hence total units generated in 25 years is
=3.2x30x12x25=29,400kWh=29.4MWh
Economical Aspects
• Taking an average energy rate of Rs.10 for 25 years,
cost of 29,400 units=Rs.2,94,000.
• The MNRE has been giving subsidy of 40% to
encourage more usage of solar energy. Cost of an
1kW system including installation & other
accessories =Rs.2,70,000.
• Hence it is definitely money-saving as we still have
not calculated the losses incurred due to CO2
pollution in terms of money. Nearly 1kg of CO2 is
produced while generating 1unit of fossil-fuelled
energy.
WIND POWER - What is it?
• All renewable energy (except tidal and geothermal
power), ultimately comes from the sun
• The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour)
from the sun
• About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted
to wind energy
• Differential heating of the earth’s surface and
atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal air
currents that are affected by the earth’s rotation
and contours of the land  WIND.
~ e.g.: Land Sea Breeze Cycle
Wind Turbines
There are mainly 2 types of wind turbines:-
1. Horizontal Axis 2. Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine Wind Turbine
(HAWT) (VAWT)
In rooftop home-based application we prefer
VAWT due to some specific reasons:-
1. More total kWh power per Rs. spent compared
to HAWT systems
2. Easy low cost installation
3. Silent or quiet operation

4. No expensive towers to buy that can actually cost

more than the wind turbine itself.

5. It has lower cut-in speed than HAWT. Typically,

they start creating electricity at a speed of 6mph.
Wind to Electricity

Wind
Wind Generator Electricity
Turbine

The wind creates a torque which rotates the blades

of the wind turbine. The shaft coupled
mechanically with the turbine also rotates, thus
rotating the rotor of the generator. The generator
produces electricity from mechanical input.
Wind Turbine Specifications
Technical Specifications Data
Rated Output 650W
Rated wind-speed 10.5m/s
Peak Output 750W
Cut-in Speed 2.7m/s
Poles/RPM(50Hz) 10/600
Rotor diameter 2.2m/7ft
No. of blades 3
Swept Area 3.7sq.m/43sq.ft
Unit weight 21 kg
Voltages available 12/24/36/48 V
Warranty 2 years
Operating life-span 20 years
Production Capacity
*The power in wind is
proportional to the cubic
wind speed ( v^3 ).
WHY?
~ Kinetic energy of an air
mass is proportional to v^2
~ Amount of air mass
moving past a given point is
proportional to wind
velocity (v)
• Per month total units
generated taking into
account of capacity factor
of 0.35, at an avg. wind-
speed of 7.1m/s = 220 units
• Hence total units produced during its lifetime of
operation= 220*12*20 = 52,800 units
Economical Aspect
• Standard market price of a 650W VAWT is near
about Rs.32,500. The total cost including generator
and installation of turbine-generator set will be
around Rs.50,000. Maintenance cost per year is very
little, nearly 1-2% of the total cost.

• But the energy cost of 52,800 units will be

Rs.5.28 lacs, taking an avg. of Rs.10 per unit
through 20 years.

• So it is very much economical & will pay back

nearly from the 3rd year itself.
Final Thought
Argument that sun provides power only during the day
is countered by the fact that 70% of energy demand is
during daytime hours. At night, traditional methods
can be used to generate the electricity.
Wind power is more effective in coastal areas.
Goal is to decrease our dependence on fossil fuels.
Currently, 75% of our electrical power is generated by
coal-burning and nuclear power plants.
Mitigates the effects of acid rain, carbon dioxide, and
other impacts of burning coal and counters risks
associated with nuclear energy.
pollution free, indefinitely sustainable.
THANK YOU