Considerations in

Art, Craft, Design, Architecture, and Planning

Cluster FSRD-SAPPK-SBM
Art, Craft, and Design
 Consideration in Art and Design

Consideration in Art and design:

1. Aesthetics
2. Materials
3. Ethics
4. Human Factor
5. Sustainability
 Consideration in Art and Design

Aesthetics
1. Aesthetics consideration is the important factor in Art and Design
process
2. Aesthetic consideration will make every product become attractive
and interesting
3. Human like beauty in naturally and physically. Something that looks
interesting, comfortable, delicious, healthy etc
Naturally, human will choose something visually interesting
and attractive
Naturally, human will choose something visually interesting
and attractive
 Bangunan Abu Dhabi
(Concept by Zaha Hadid)

Radio kayu Magno

(Singgih S / Temanggung)

Lemon Juicer
(Phillipe Starck)
 Consideration in Art and Design

Materials
1. Related with materials and technique
2. Material selection will affect method and technique and also the
product lifetime.
Consideration in Art and Design
Consideration in Art and Design
Consideration in Art and Design
 Consideration in Art and Design

Ethics
1. Related when art connect with the public or art sociey
2. When the product connect with the public, it need culture factor and
society value as the acceptance
3. The scope of product appreciation:
a. Exhibition room, limited segmentation and free expression
b. Public area, large segmentation, expression will direct impact to
ethical value
Consideration in Art and Design
Consideration in Art and Design
 Consideration in Art and Design

Human Factor
1. Human as the user of product design
2. Large scope adn related with the area of art and design
Example:
a. Industrial product design: ergonomy, usability, etc
b. Visual communication design: readibility, psychographic profile,
etc
c. Interior Design: ergonomy, lighting, etc
Consideration in Art and Design
Consideration in Art and Design
Consideration in Art and Design
 Consideration in Art and Design

Sustainability
1. Related to environment issue: how an art product have a long
lifetime and minimum impact to environment
2. Not only material, its also related with the production process
Consideration in Art and Design
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
An architect doing his/her activities according to
brief/Terms of References from the client
Most of architects will follow up the brief/TOR
by doing:
• Requirements analysis to complete the
brief/TOR
• Land analysis
• Precedent analysis
 Requirements Analysis
• Checking, reviewing, and detailing
the real requirements. Arrange
scenario to use the building based
on future projection.
• Searching for standard of
measurements used, quality,
special requirements from book
of standards, particular
regulations, etc.
• Result of the analysis will become
the base for programming
(consist of what facility, the
quantity, the measurements, and
quality for the design)
 Land/Area Analysis
Reviewing certain conditions:
- physical,
- infrastructure,
- social,
- Architectural design in the surroundings;
Precedent Analysis
Architect and/or his/her
subordinate looking for
information such as pictures or
photos, or visiting, or directly
observing some design project of
building with similar problem, or
location, to be studied as initial
reference, or as comparison.
After posses complete program and having
adequate information of the land and
surroundings, architect can start to explore
design solution.
GLASS BOX VS BLACK BOX
• Projects that demand special
accountable requirements, usually are
designed with glass box thinking: all
should be able to be explained and
accounted.
• Monumental projects, or because
subjectivity of certain architects,
become the reason for black box
approach. Architect has great autonomy
in design decision making. Sometimes
the design could not be explain to
another party, even to the architect
itself.
 DESIGN APPROACH TYPES
• Functional approach
• Behavioral approach
• Shape approach
• Typology (space) approach
• Building method approach
• Land condition approach
• Economy approach
• Process approach
Sometimes a project can use more than one
approach
 FUNCTIONAL APPROACH
Demand relatively high performance in functional aspect than
other aspects.
Example: factory, office, etc.
 BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
• Similar to functional approach, but focus more on behavior of
the people that will use the building so that the building
performance can support/not support certain behaviors.
• Example: school, library, style center, mall, etc.
 SHAPE APPROACH
• Usually used in project that require certain exotic
shape or to attract judges in because of joining
certain competition.
• Some architects have tendency to use this approach
for any project.
• Tend to black box think.
 TYPOLOGY APPROACH (SPACE)

Usually function and location can be associated with certain

typology.
Typology approach use arrangement of space types or shapes
that have been known in general, with unknowingly
predecessor.
(Car design type: sedan, SUV, minibus, jeep, van, etc.)

Some space typology:

• Street with arcade
• Building with innercourt
• Cluster complex
• Linear or radial building, etc.
 Building Method Approach
Building method approach is used by projects
with specific requirements that need special
building process, for example: need to be built
quickly, build in a narrow land, using only
specified building material in result of material
limitation or because of the sponsor.
 Land Condition Approach
The specific conditions of land require a
specific design approach.
• A narrow land and/or a tight law in
downtown area
• A Land which has a steep slope
• A sensitive land that needs of
preservation
• A Land that has a special potential
deserved to be utilized
 Economic Approach
Limitation of fund for construction (not only in the
matter of quantity but also in stages of funding) forces
architect to use the economic approach.
Usually it involves building material approach and/or
building technology.
 Process Approach
Design process approach can be done because the
client or the architect wants the user/owner to be
actively involved in the design process and in the
building process – Participatory Approach
Other Process Approach is parametric approach.
The designer inputs design’s parameters, then
computer will process it until it put out some
alternative designs.
 Types of Concepts

There are 6 types of design concept:

• Pragmatics
• Typology
• Analogy
• Metaphoric
• Canonic
• Iconic
The concept can consist of combination of those six.
 PRAGMATICS
• Designs is as the immediate problem solver, as it is.
Problems: The function of buildings, thermal comfort,
overcoming glare, flood, the scarcity of materials and /
or technology
• Examples: car workshop (machine shop),
manufacturing plant, inexpensive houses and terminal
 Typology
• Typology function is a design solution that is
long commonly known, nevertheless the
origin can’t be traced. An easy way to start
designing with a general idea = types
• Typology of a hotel, prison, school, dorms,
etc.

Typology of Hotel’s Typology of Prison’s blueprint

 Typology of School’s blueprint

Typology of Theater ‘s blueprint

Typology of Cathedral’s blueprint

Typology of dorm’s blueprint
 ANALOGY
• It has a visual similarities with something
• Similar to nature: mountains, river, waves,
trees, leaf, human (anthropomorphic), stones.
• Similar with man-made goods: books, hats,
castle, historical buildings, vehicles.
• Similar to arts
• Music analogy – rhythm
Museum Louvre, Paris, analogy of pyramid

Analogy of Medieval European Castle

Analogy of trees Analogy of Human’s body (anthropomorphic)

 Analogy of Arts, Architecture Design result as
an art

Analogy of Music, Venesia castle. Walt Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles, California

Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto Fire Station in Vitra, Now it is a gallery

 METAPHOR
Based on the similarity of ideas, but seeing it with
naked eyes it is not similar.
Famous saying from Architect Corbusier: A house is a
machine for living in. Example: Bill Gates’ house.

Villa Savoye, Design by Corbu, 1929. Bill Gates’ house in Seattle, USA.
 Canonic
Design is based on existing knowledge (formulas and
principles) which is standard. Example: Greek / Rome
classic building design principle

Capitol Building, Wahington DC, USA Great Hall of the People, China, 1958-59
 ICONIC
• Design approach that prioritize shapes
• Example of Iconic Architecture: Eiffel Tower in Paris,
Opera House in Sydney, Gugenheim Museum in
Bilbao Spain, Petronas tower in KL.
City Planning
Basic Consideration

• Technique: reliability, security, and safety

• Esthetic: beauty
• Financial: efficiency
• Socio-economy: usefulness
• Politics: acceptance