Fire Prevention & Protection Guide

Fire Prevention & Protection
Based on SECL HSE Procedure : Fire Prevention (SEM–1822)
SECL HSE Overseas Support Team

FIRE PROTECTION & PREVENTION INTRODUCTION
There is a significant fire risk on
construction sites owing to the often large
amounts of combustible material present
and the amount of hot work, e.g. grinding,
welding
PURPOSE
The PURPOSE of this training is to highlight

Fire Hazards and the precautions and
suppression facilities necessary to prevent
fires from occurring or spreading on SECL
Projects to prevent loss of life, serious
injuries and damage to plant, equipment and
structures.
FIRE PREVENTION & PROTECTION
FIRE is a chemical chain reaction which involves the oxidation of combustible material
, heat & light energy emitted
What is “FIRE Triangle”?
Three main factors are essential to combustion
The presence of FUEL i.e. wood, paper, petrol, etc.
The presence of OXYGEN
Heat
Principle of Fire Extinguishment
Fire Prevention & Fire Protection
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITES
1 Ignorance
2 Carelessness
3 Poor Housekeeping
4 Welding sparks
5 Faulty or wrongly used portable electrical apparatus
6 Sparks from abrasive wheels and metal cutting discs
7 Spread of heavy flammable vapours

(down drains, etc.) to a source of ignition
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITES
8 Improper storage between Flammable and Combustible materials
9 Internal combustion engines of site vehicles

(sparks from unprotected exhausts, introduction of flammable
atmospheres into engine intake, etc.)
10 Carelessly discarded cigarette butts (both on the site, generally and in

the site accommodation). Note smoking shall only be permitted in
designated areas on site
11 Wet clothing which has been placed over or fallen upon the heating appliance inte
nded to dry it
12 Use of unsuitable or badly positioned heating appliances

(particularly gas) in accommodation huts
13 Overloading of electrical circuits

ASSESSMENT OF FIRE RISK
Selecting the right extinguishing medium for

each class of fire is vital
Size of extinguisher and amount of

extinguishing have to be related to highly
variable site circumstances and the degree of
risk as assessed above
GENERAL FIRE REQUIREMENTS
General standards of site housekeeping should be

carefully watched by all concerned and accumulations of
combustible rubbish are to be minimized and safely
disposed of
All containers of pressurized flammable gas and of

oxygen must be turned off at the cylinder after each
working day, shift and at meal breaks
All welding equipment, flammable gas or oxygen supply

pipes leading into a confined space must be removed to
the open air after each working shift, and at meal breaks
to avoid either flammable atmospheres and/or oxygen
enriched atmospheres
GENERAL FIRE REQUIREMENTS
Site car parks should feature at least two exits and their
boundaries should be located not closer then 6.0 m to
flammable stores
Materials, vehicles and equipment must be positioned so

as not to obstruct fire fighting activities
All mechanically propelled site plant should carry a

suitable fire extinguisher
Classification of “FIRE”.
Class ‘A’ Class ‘B’ Class ‘C’ Class ‘D’
Ordinary /
Flammable liquid Reactive metal fire
general/carbonac Flammable gas
fire e.g: Sodium,
eous fire fire
e.g: Gasoline, Oil, Magnesium &
e.g: Wood, Cloth, e.g: Acetylene,
Paints, Thinners, other flammable
Paper, Plastic, LPG
Solvents metals
Rubbers
Sand Bucket
Fire Water Drum

First –Aid
Fire Beater Fire
Fighting
Portable Fire Extinguisher
Appliances
Fire Reel Hose
Portable / First – Aid Fire Fighting Appliances

means the ‘Trained Person’ will use these
appliances to extinguish the FIRE, before the Fire
Brigade (Fire Tender) reach the site
Class ‘A’ Fires Class ‘B’ Fires

The best extinguishing agent remains Foam Fire Extinguisher:
1. AFFF
water properly applied, Dry Chemical
(Aqueous Film Forming Foam)
may extinguish the flames but does 2. FFFP
not cool the fire and may not prevent (Film Forming Fluoro Protein)
re-ignition • An advantage of these types of
extinguishers when use on Class ”B”
flammable liquid fire of appreciable
depth, is the ability of the agent to
float on and secure the liquid surface
which helps to prevent re-ignition.
• Where the base of fire is small and can

be enveloped in a cloud of powder,
Dry Chemical Powder fire extinguisher
is quickest and most effective.
However, powder does not reliably
prevent possible re-ignition
Class ‘B’ Fires
CO2 fire extinguisher is often relatively ineffective unless a

concentrated pocket of CO2 can be created in the area of the
base of the fire, however this type of extinguisher is particularly
suitable for use on delicate equipment, which would be ruined by
use of a Dry Chemical Powder extinguisher.
CO2 is potentially hazardous to the extinguisher user in confined

spaces, being a toxic gas which acts on nervous system
controlling respiration.
Class ‘C’ Fires Class ‘D’ Fires
Co2 & DCP extinguishers This type of fire is

are used for gas fires. unlikely occur on
•Co2 fire extinguisher is most construction
effective only in confined sites
space gas fire
• Fire Extinguishers for Construction Site
Type Old Code BS EN 3 Color Code Fire Class
Water Signal Red Signal Red A
Red with a Cream

panel above the
Foam Cream A B
operating
instructions
Red with a Blue

panel above the
Dry Powder French Blue A (Limited) B C
operating
instructions.
Red with a Black

panel above the
CO2 Black A (Limited) B C
operating
instructions.
Class D Power French Blue D
ELECTRICAL FIRES
There is no any class for electrical fires If there is any fire on electrical
equipment/wire; switch off power supply then the class of fire depend
on burning equipment/fuel
Dry chemical powder is used for electrical equipment fires

Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
Application of fire extinguisher

PASS System
P Pull the pin
A Aim the nozzle
S Squeeze the handle
S Sweep at base of Fire

Frequency It shall be inspected when initially placed in service and there

after approximately 30 days interval
 Location in designated place.

Procedure
 No obstruction to access / visibility
 Operating instruction on cylinder body.
 Safety seals and temper indicator not broken /
missing.
 Examination of physical damage, corrosion, leakage
/ clogged nozzle, worn out hose etc.
 Pressure gauge reading.
 Condition of wheels, hose & nozzle checked
(for trolley mounted).
 Maximum travel distance for Portable Fire

Note Extinguisher should not exceeded 50 ft. or
15 meters.
 Maximum height for fixing of Portable Fire
Extinguisher on wall should not exceeded
1.0m height from the floor and clearly signed
Fire Point (Check Client Standard Height).
FIRE There are two types of Fire detectors that are use in Fire
service.
Detectors
Heat Detectors
Smoke Detectors.
Smoke / heat detectors connected to a local Fire alarm
system shall be provided as necessary as practicable to
all offices, ware houses, electrical sub-station, camp
units, etc.
FIRE Fire blankets shall be inspected, tested & approved by

blankets Safety Officer / Client
It is found in various types:
Asbestos Fire blankets
Fire Blanket made of Woven Silica fabric
NOTE:
Asbestos blankets are totally banned for use.
Site Fire Inspection and Patrols
Contractor may organize a suitable after-shift fire

patrol to ensure there is no source of ignition, or
evidence of smouldering fires of any kind present on
site
The patrol must consist of nominated

Supervisors who will carry out systematic
patrols of all areas where they work on site
Site Fire Inspection and Patrols
The whole of the work area, including work shops and stores
must be inspected to ensure that there is no smouldering waste
like welding sparks, and that all welding equipment has been
properly turned off including oxygen / acetylene supply
A suitable fire patrol log sheet detailing the results of

daily or more frequent site fire patrol inspections should
be kept in the office and should be available for the
Contractor's audit
Fire Watcher
Smart
Courageous
Patience Quality of
Good Fire
Knowledgeable about the locations of
flammable / combustible materials and Watcher
equipment
Knowledgeable how to operate fire app

liances / equipment and gas monitor
Fire Watcher
1 Keep an eye with fire extinguisher and pressurized fire hose on a hot work activity
2 Ensure that the fire fighting equipment are in good condition
3 Remove flammable and combustible materials from hot work area
4 Protect with fire blankets all flammable materials from hot work
activity
5 Extinguish fire in case of a fire break out in the early stage of Hot
Work activity
6 Don’t try to extinguish if the fire becomes uncontrollable i.e. always

take calculated risk.
Fire Watcher
7 Know the position of emergency alarm system (manual / call points).
8 Know how to operate the fire alarm in case of an emergency
9 Remove fire hoses at the end of the work every day

(roll and store them properly)
10 Be familiar with the permit to work system, specific to the site activity
11 Ensure area is safe and no area is smouldering after finishing /

leaving the work location
12 Fire watcher shall remain on site for a minimum of 30 minutes after

the hot work has been completed
The following general instructions shall be followed and adhered to
1 Materials and equipment shall be maintained in an orderly manner

that reduces or prevents the possibility of fire spread
2 Materials shall not be stored in a manner that obstructs fire points,

sprinkler heads, alarms, emergency exits, electrical panels and
walkways
3 Materials shall not be stored close to, or in a manner that conceals,

floor openings or hoist ways
4 Consideration shall be given to the Fire loading imposed area which, shall not be o
bstructed by the placement of materials
The following general instructions shall be followed and adhered to
5 Doors provided for emergency escape will open outwards in the

direction of travel
6
Equipment shall not be fuelled while the engine is running
7
Smoking is prohibited whilst re-fuelling activities are taking place
8
Incompatible materials will not be stored in proximity to each other
9 ‘No smoking policy’ will be applied. Provide smoking areas away from the work sit
e
If a fire occur, immediately carry out the actions listed below
1
Activate the nearest manual alarm
2
Ring site security and give relevant details
3
Site Security to alert Fire Service, Emergency Rescue Team
4 Alert other personnel on site and remove any injured person(s) from
immediate danger
If a fire occur, immediately carry out the actions listed below
5 If no personal risk is involved, an attempt should be made to extinguish the fire

using nearest fire extinguisher or hoses
6 Evacuate building/place calmly through designated escape route to

gather at the specified assembly point
7
If in doubt, evacuate the premises and leave fire fighting to the experts
8 Evacuate building following the evacuation procedure
9 Go to designated Assembly Point area
10 Follow instructions
Some Golden Points:
1 Fire prevention is better than fire fighting
2 Never use water to extinguish flammable liquid fire
3 Never use water to extinguish electrical fire
4 In case of emergency activate fire alarm system / dial Fire and

Security Number

Fire Prevention & Protection Guide

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Fire Prevention & Protection

Based on SECL HSE Procedure : Fire Prevention (SEM–1822)

SECL HSE Overseas Support Team

There is a significant fire risk on

construction sites owing to the often large

amounts of combustible material present

and the amount of hot work, e.g. grinding,

The PURPOSE of this training is to highlight

What is “FIRE Triangle”?

Three main factors are essential to combustion

The presence of FUEL i.e. wood, paper, petrol, etc.

The presence of OXYGEN

5 Faulty or wrongly used portable electrical apparatus

6 Sparks from abrasive wheels and metal cutting discs

7 Spread of heavy flammable vapours

8 Improper storage between Flammable and Combustible materials

9 Internal combustion engines of site vehicles

10 Carelessly discarded cigarette butts (both on the site, generally and in

12 Use of unsuitable or badly positioned heating appliances

13 Overloading of electrical circuits

Selecting the right extinguishing medium for

Size of extinguisher and amount of

General standards of site housekeeping should be

All containers of pressurized flammable gas and of

All welding equipment, flammable gas or oxygen supply

Materials, vehicles and equipment must be positioned so

All mechanically propelled site plant should carry a

Class ‘A’ Class ‘B’ Class ‘C’ Class ‘D’

Fire Water Drum

Portable / First – Aid Fire Fighting Appliances

Class ‘A’ Fires Class ‘B’ Fires

• Where the base of fire is small and can

Class ‘B’ Fires

CO2 fire extinguisher is often relatively ineffective unless a

CO2 is potentially hazardous to the extinguisher user in confined

Class ‘C’ Fires Class ‘D’ Fires

Co2 & DCP extinguishers This type of fire is

• Fire Extinguishers for Construction Site

Type Old Code BS EN 3 Color Code Fire Class

Water Signal Red Signal Red A

Red with a Cream

Red with a Blue

Red with a Black

Dry chemical powder is used for electrical equipment fires

Application of fire extinguisher

P Pull the pin

A Aim the nozzle

S Squeeze the handle

S Sweep at base of Fire

Frequency It shall be inspected when initially placed in service and there

 Location in designated place.

 Maximum travel distance for Portable Fire

FIRE Fire blankets shall be inspected, tested & approved by

Contractor may organize a suitable after-shift fire

The patrol must consist of nominated

A suitable fire patrol log sheet detailing the results of

Knowledgeable how to operate fire app

2 Ensure that the fire fighting equipment are in good condition

3 Remove flammable and combustible materials from hot work area

6 Don’t try to extinguish if the fire becomes uncontrollable i.e. always

7 Know the position of emergency alarm system (manual / call points).

8 Know how to operate the fire alarm in case of an emergency

9 Remove fire hoses at the end of the work every day