THE FUTURE OF

TOURISM
PLANNING AND
DEVELOPMENT
•These are several factors
which affect the future of
tourism and the ways it can
be planned and developed.
Some of these factors are
natural in origin. Others are
the result of human activity.
 The impact of global warming on
tourism
• The major challenge to the advancement of tourism
in the next fifty years is the effects of global
warming. In 2008, it was accepted by several
scientists that global warming is occurring. The
increase in extreme weather conditions over the past
ten years have been attributed to global warming. A
major global consequence of global warming is the
melting of both polar ice caps. The global effect will
be a rise in sea level. If this occurs, it is possible that
low-lying countries and small island nations will ne
flooded. This may result in the disappearance of
coastal tourism in these part of the world.
 The effects of natural disasters on
tourism
• In the early part of the twenty-first century,
other tourism destinations suffered from local
problems which affect tourist arrivals. These
include the effects of natural disasters such as
volcanic eruptions, storms and cancellations in
weather affected location. In addition, affected
airlines suffer negative economic impact
because delays and groundings cause airplanes
to be misallocated for the start of next round of
flights. Other types of natural disaster also have
lasting impact. Mudslides disrupt business
enterprises, destroy landscapes and result in
huge clean-up costs.
 The impact of health issues on tourism
• Fear of disease reduces travel demand. Most
travellers avoid areas that have high health risks.
Diseases spread more rapidly due to travel,
particularly through international aviation. Reports
released by Harvard researchers show that the bird
flu virus spread more rapidly due to international
tourism, especially air travel. Other diseases that
effect tourism are AIDS, SARS and foot and mouth
disease. AIDS was originally brought to the United
States and Canada by a flight attendant who
contracted the disease in Africa. SARS spread
rapidly throughout Asia and Canada. The foot and
mouth disease spread from the United Kingdom to
continental Europe.
 Impact of terrorist attacks on tourism
• The bombing of world trade center in New York on
September 11, 2001 had a long-term effect on the global
tourism industry. Terrorist attacks are being viewed as
part of a global, not a local threat. In united states, the
terrorists attacks had a significant impact on potential
and real travellers, the impacts of September 11, 2001
have continued even after the occurrence of the event.
The bankruptcy of the American airlines in 2002 has
been linked closely to the decline in the number of
passengers since the terrorists attacks. In October,
2002, tourist became the major target of terrorists. In
bali, Indonesia, two night clubs with several international
tourists were bombed by terrorists who were linked by
media to the groups that bombed the word trade center
in the united states on September 11, 2001.
 The future of tourism planning and
development
• The bali terrorists attack on tourists calls into
question whether tourism will continue to
expand in terms of visitor arrivals and at the
same time spread to all parts of the world. It is
appropriate to assume that the number of
tourists will continue to increase on global scale
in the future in spite of significant hindrances at
specific locations. If tourism reaches almost all
parts of the world. It is very important that
careful planning and management policies are
adopted and applied. In the past, recent
planning and development has been regarded as
the responsibility of the government.
• In the future, it is necessary that the private sector
will be more actively involved in planning and
managing tourism. This may be possible by forming
partnership with government sectors. These
partnerships may also involve non-governmental
organizations or NGOs. There is a strong possibility
that representative of host communities will also be
more involved in decision making about future
tourism developments in their respective areas.

• The success of tourism planning and development in

the twenty-first century in promoting the beneficial
effects of tourism will depend not only on structures,
organizations, and individual but in the political will
that it is possible and desirable to plan and develop
tourism.