Terminologi

Anatomi
 PRINSIP UMUM PENAMAAN
• SATU NAMA UNTUK SATU STRUKTUR
(KADANG-KADANG ADA PENGECUAIAN)
• HARUS ADA DALAM DAFTAR NOMINA
ANATOMICA, BOLEH DITERJEMAHKAN
• MENUNJUKKAN BENTUK/LETAK/ FUNGSI
(ADA NILAI DISKRIPTIFNYA)
• HINDARI EPONIM  PENGGUNAAN NAMA
ORANG SEPERTI TUBA EUSTACHII ATAU
TUBA FALLOPII
 Posisi Anatomi
• SEMUA DESKRIPSI
DIEKSPRESIKAN DALAM
HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN POSISI
ANATOMI.
• POSISI ANATOMI/SIKAP ANATOMI
 TUBUH BERDIRI TEGAK
 KEPALA, KEDUA MATA, KEDUA
IBU JARI KAKI MENGHADAP
LURUS KE DEPAN
 KEDUA LENGAN DI SAMPING
TUBUH DENGAN TELAPAK
TANGAN MENHADAP KE
DEPAN.
Body Planes, Sections, and
Cavitites
Body planes
• Body is 3D

• Can be split into

three planes

– Sagittal
– Coronal
– Transverse
• Anatomical Plane and section.
– Perpendicular to long axis.
- Transversal = horizontal = cross
sectional.
– Paralel to long axis.
- Sagital. Sagital section separate
right and left of body portion at
equal size.
- Parasagital . Para sagital separate
right and left body portion at
anequal size.
- Frontal = coronal section separate
anterior and posterior of the body
Sagittal Plane
• Plane splitting the body
into two parts (left and
right)

• Sagittal section is a cut

made longitudinally
along the body

• If it splits into two equal

parts = midsagittal
Coronal Plane
• Plane which splits
body into anterior
and posterior
section

• Ie. Facelift
 Transverse Plane
• Separates body
along horizontal
plane

• Also called a cross

section

• Will divide an
organism into
superior and inferior
parts
Body Cavities
Cavities
• Opening within body
which protects internal
organs, and allows
transfer of
materials/information

• 2 Divisions
– Dorsal
– Ventral
 Dorsal Cavities
• Made up of two smaller
cavities

• 1) Cranial Cavity –
holds and protects
brain
• 2) Spinal Cavity –
column which runs
through vertebra and
protects spinal chord
Ventral Cavities
• Divided into two
cavities

• 1) Thoracic – chest
area (holds heart,
lungs, and diaphragm)

• 2) Abdominopelvic –
lower torso (holds
digestive and
reproductive organs)
 Directional.
– Anterior = front ---- navel is on the anterior the trunk.
– Ventral = belly side ---- navel is on the ventral surface.
– Posterior = behind ---- spine is on the posterior of the body.
– Dorsal = back = behind.
– Cranial = toward the head --- Chest is cranial to the
abdomen.
– Superior = above ( when referring to standing human body
superior is equivalent to cranial)
– Caudal = toward the tail ----- the hips are caudal to the waist.
– Inferior = below; at a lower level. --- the knees are inferior to
hips.
– Medial = toward the mid line
– Lateral = away from midline
– Proximal = toward the central of the body
– Distal = away from the central of the body.
– Superficial = toward body surface.
– Profundus = away from body surface.
 Cranial

Proximal

Distal

Caudal
 Superficial

Profundus
nnnnnnnnnnnn
 Abreviation
a. = arteri = artery
v. = vena = vein
n. = nervus = nerve
m. = musculus = muscle
aa. = arteriae = arteries
vv. = venae = veins
mm. = musculi = muscles
nn. = nervi = nerves.
 Terminologi Struktur
• Bagian yang meninggi :
– Tuber =bulatan yang menonjol
– Tuberculum =tuber kecil
– Tuberositas =tuber dg permukaan
kasar
– Condylus =bulatan besar pd ujung tulang
yg bersendi
– Epicondylus =bulatan kecil di atas condylus
• Spina =bangunan spt duri
• Processus =istilah umum utk tonjolan
• Crista =pinggiran tajam
• Labium =pinggiran berbentuk bibir
• Pecten =pinggiran memanjang
• eminentia =daerah yg meninggi
• Cornu =bagian yg spt tanduk
• Caput =bagian ujung yg membulat
• Capitulum =caput kecil
 Bagian yang cekung
• Fovea =cekungan
• Foveola =cekungan kecil
• Impressio =cekungan akb penekanan
• Fissura =celah
• Incissura =takik
• Sulcus =parit
• Fossa =dataran cekung
• Fossula =fossa kecil
 Istilah utk lubang
• Apertura =lubang masuk suatu rongga
• Osteum =saluran ke dlm rongga lain
• Orificium
• Foramen
• Foramina
• Porus
 Istilah utk saluran/pipa
• Vas
• Canalis
• Canaliculus
• Ductus
• Ductulus
• Tuba
• Tubulus
• Meatus
 Istilah utk rongga
• Sinus =rongga tertutup berisi udara
• Celullae =kumpulan rongga2 kecil
• Cavum =rongga yg berhub dg
rongga lain
• Cavitas =cavum kecil
Movements
– Flexion
– Extension
– Hyperextension
– Adduction
– Abduction
– Prontaion
– Supination
– Retraction
– Protraction
– Elevation
– Depression
– Rotation
– Circumduction
– External Rotation
– Internal Rotation
– Inversion
– Eversion
– Dorsiflexion
– Plantarflexion
– Radial Deviation
– Ulnar Deviation
– Opposition
 Movements
Flexion
• Bending a joint or decreasing the
angle between two bones
– In the Fetal Position we are flexing our joints

Extension
• Straightening a joint or increasing
the angle between two bones
– In the Anatomical Position we are extending
our joints

Hyperextension
• Excessive extension of the parts at
a joint beyond anatomical position.
Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension
Movements
Adduction
• Moving a body part
towards the midline of the
body

Abduction
• Moving a body part away
from the midline of the
body
Movements
Pronation
• Turning the arm or
foot downward
• (palm or sole of the
foot - down)
• Prone

Supination
• Turning the arm or
foot upward
• (palm or sole of the
foot - up)
• Supine
Movements
Retraction
• Moving a part backward

Protraction
• Moving a part forward

Elevation
• Raising a part

Depression
• Lowering a part
 Movements
Rotation
• Turning on a single axis

Circumduction
• Tri-planar, circular motion
at the hip or shoulder

Internal rotation
• Rotation of the hip or
shoulder toward the
midline

External rotation
• Rotation of the hip or
shoulder away from the
midline
 Movements
Lateral Flexion
• Side-bending left or
right
Inversion Movements of the Foot
• Turning the sole of the foot
inward

Eversion
• Turning the sole of the foot
outward

Dorsiflexion
• Ankle movement bringing
the foot towards the shin

Plantarflexion
• Ankle movement pointing
the foot downward
Regional Terms
Medical Terminologi
 Root = Kata Dasar

• Umumnya bahasa Latin

• Umumnya di dapat dari Anatomi
• Diberikan per sistem secara garis besar
 Root
(example: systema digestivus)
• Glandula saliva
• Esophagus
• Gaster
• Hepar
• Lien
• Pancreas
• Intestinum
• dst
 Prefix = awalan
Yang umum ditemukan :
• Kata-kata arah ( ab-, ad-, dst)
• Kata-kata jumlah ( mono-, bi-, pan-, mega-)
• Kata-kata yg menunjukkan warna (rubra,
flava, alba, grisea)
• Kondisi : eu-, dys-, iso-,osmo-
 Suffix
• -stasis
• -lysis
• -plasia
• -itis
• -phagia
• dst
Conversion of Suffix.

Single to plural
us i
musculus ---- musculi
um a
ligamentum --- ligamenta
a ae.
vena --- venae
 Examples:
terminologi Prefix Root Suffix

osteophorosis ossa phoros

is

gastritis gaster itis

bicephal bi cephal
Selamat Belajar .