STUDY OF

SPECIAL
CONCRETE
Submitted by: YOGITA MAHIPALSINGH RAJPUT
BE(13)
Guide: P.J.WANKHEDE
 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

Special Types of
About Extreme Future
concrete - special Conclusion
concrete conditions scope
Necessity concrete
 ABOUT CONCRETE
 Concrete is considered to be the most commonly used construction material in many
parts of world.

 Basic ingredients − cement, sand, stone or gravel and water.

 Job-mixed concrete was very much in vogue.

 The ready mixed concrete industry came into existence in 1930.

 The modern concrete mixture is based on the physical properties of the aggregates.

 By understanding the role played by the basic ingredients and by proper selection
and application of the available admixtures, the performance of concrete can be
adapted to a wide number of special uses.
 SPECIAL CONCRETE- NECESSITY
 Concrete which meets special performance and uniformity requirements that cannot

always be achieved routinely by using only conventional materials and normal mixing,

placing and curing practices.

 Enhancements of characteristics - placement and compaction without segregation,

long-term mechanical properties, early-age strength, toughness, volume stability, or

service life in severe environments.

 Variations in concreting procedure & conditions during concreting leads to the rise of

necessity for special concrete.

EXTREME CONDITIONS
 Extreme cold climate

 High ambient temperature

 High concrete temperature

 Low relative humidity

 Wind velocity

 Solar radiation
 TYPES
1. Light-weight Concrete. 1.

2. High Density Concrete. 2

3
3. Fibre Reinforced Concrete.

4
4. Polymer Concrete.

5. Ferro cement.
5
6. Bacterial Concrete. 6
 LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE
 Density : 300 to 1850 kg/m3

 Low thermal conductivity.

 Method – inclusion of air in concrete.

 Types:

1. No fines concrete 2
2. Light weight aggregate concrete
1
3. Aerated concrete
3
 HIGH DENSITY CONCRETE
 Density – 3360 to 3840 but can be obtained up to 5280 kg/m3 .

Excellent shielding material.

 Low initial as well as maintenance cost.

 Aggregates employed - barite, magnetite, ilmenite, limonite hematite and

also iron and steel aggregates.

 FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
 Addition of small, closely spaced and uniformly dispersed discrete suitable fibres

to concrete which would act as crack arrester.

 Fibres used : steel fibres, polypropylene, nylons, asbestos, coir, glass and carbon.

 Factors Affecting Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete:

1.Relative Fibre Matrix Stiffness. 4.Orientation of Fibres.

2.Volume of Fibres. 5.Workability and Compaction of Concrete.

3.Aspect Ratio of the Fibre. 6.Size of Coarse Aggregate.

 Steel Fibre
Reinforced Concrete

Carbon Fibre
 POLYMER CONCRETE
 The concrete formed by impregnation of monomer and subsequent polymerisation is the latest

technique adopted to reduce the inherent porosity of the concrete is known as polymer concrete.

 Types

1.Polymer Impregnated Concrete (PIC).

2.Polymer Cement Concrete (PCC).

3.Polymer Concrete (PC).

4.Partially Impregnated and surface coated polymer concrete.

 FERRO CEMENT
 Consists of closely spaced wire meshes which are impregnated with rich cement
mortar mix.

 Elements are usually of the order of 2 to 3 cm.

 Advantages –

1. simplicity of its construction 4. less crack widths

2. lesser dead weight 5. easy repair ability

3. high tensile strength 6. noncorrosive nature

 BACTERIAL CONCRETE
 Employing a selective microbial agency for remediating cracks and fissures in

concrete structures.

 Common soil bacteria called “Bacillus pasteruii” during the process of their

metabolic activities secrete or precipitate calcite (CaCO3) which is responsible for

sealing the cracks.

 When bacterial concrete is fully developed, it may become yet another alternative

method to replace OPC and its hazardous effect on environmental pollution.

 FUTURE SCOPE
 Development of high strength concrete and effects on flexural behaviours of test

beams.

 Investigations of varying percentage of basic ingredients of various special concretes.

 Shear strength parameters determination for new proportions.

 Study on additions of various fibres to conventional concrete and testing under

specific loading conditions.

 CONCLUSION
 Use of special concrete ensures sustainability.

 In extreme conditions of concreting the work is progressed actively.

 Many such materials are being used which are eco-friendly in nature.

 Concrete such as bacterial concrete decreases the hazardous effects of construction.

 Optimum use of natural, industrial by-products and recycled materials.

 Choice of cleaner production technologies.

 The application of design principles with respect to life-cycle cost.

 Enhance the quality of life and offer customer satisfaction.

 Offer flexibility and the potential to cater for user changes in the future.

 Maximise the efficient use of resources.

 REFERENCES:
1. Cement and Concrete Association, “An Introduction to Light-weight concrete”, Fourth Edition 1970.

2. Teychenne D.C., “Light-weight Aggregate, their properties”, Proceedings of the First International
Congress on Light-weight concrete London, May 1968.

3. Short and Kingburgh W., “The Structure use of Aerated Concrete”, The Structural Engineer, London,
Jan. 1961.

4. American Concrete Institute, “Concrete for Radiation Shielding”, compilation No. 1, 1962.

5. Surendra P. Shah and Vijaya Rangan B, “Fibre Reinforced Concrete Properties”, ACI Journal, Feb 1971.

6. Majumdar A.J., “Fibre Cement and concrete, Building Research Establishment”, Current Paper, March
1975.

7. Pilkington Cem-fil, “Alkali-resistant glass fibre for Glass reinforced Cement”-Technical literature.