Training on Social,

Environment, GESI and

Technical aspect for DL-PIU
Engineers and Sub-engineers
- Sindhupalchowk:
February 8-9, 2018

Training to Technical Staff of DL-PIU 1

Guideline on Water Supply and
Sanitation Sector (WASH
Engineering, Planning,
Monitoring and Water Source
Information)

Training to Technical Staff of DL-PIU 2

Based on the guidelines mentioned above, following two
annexes (School Wise) have been prepared for quick
assessment of plan vs construction activities in WASH sector;
Annex-1: Wash Ensuring Plan
Annex-2: Wash Monitoring Tool
Annex-1: WASH Ensuring Plan:
All the requirements related to water supply and sanitation
sector in the school premises are highlighted in this annex.
School wise WASH Ensuring Plan: See Annex-1

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Annex-2: WASH Monitoring Tool:

This tool is use-full during monitoring of activities

related to WASH sector. Field output will be
compared with Annex-1 (WASH Ensuring Plan) and
deviation could be find out quickly and required
modification could be carried out.

School wise WASH Monitoring Tool: See Annex-2

(Annex-2a- Deviation from Annex-1, if any, Annex-2b-
Physical Construction Progress till the date.
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The purpose of WASH Design Guidelines is to ensure
that each of the proposed school followed the
guidelines related to Water Supply and Sanitation.
This section gives guidelines for water supply
provisions to each of school buildings. It also insures
adequate water supply (without any interruption)
requirements for the purpose of drinking, bathing,
washing, flushing toilets and any other domestic use
including fire - fighting.

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1 The Guideline Parameters are adopted from following
the National Building Code -208, 2003.

Sanitary and Plumbing Design Requirements

A. Collected school data from web site SIDA Txt of all schools
B. Based on the number of present student, number of design year
student has been calculated following the design criteria as given
below;
Design Period - 10 Years
Student Growth Rate – 1.25 % (National Average)

C. Water Demand Projection of all schools has been carried out

following the National Building Code -208, 2003 as follows;
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a Per student water demand per day for day scholar - 15 Litre,
b Per student water demand per day for Boarder - 100 Litre,
c Total Boarder student in each Model Schools - 50 students
- Boarder Boy student - 50 %
- Boarder Girl student - 50 %
d Flour Flushing consumption per floor - 270 Liter
Per 500 student - 500 Litre
e Fire demand/storage - 5 Lit/student
(Manual of W/S Engineering : In developing
countries, about 1 to 5 lpcd is taken for the Fire Storage)
(Fire Fighting Demand at the rate of 5 l/s seems not sufficient,
hence adopted 30 l/student for school having 500 students and
18.7 l/student for school 3000 students.)

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Drinking water is supplied to building either from
Municipality Water Supply or from any other reliable
sources. For getting water to multistoried buildings,
separate ground reservoir is constructed and water
is collected in it and then pumped into the roof tank
for distribution through various water supply fixtures.

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Water Demand
Water Demand Calculation: The water demand calculation is
based on the design year students. The design year students
and water demand calculation are carried out following the
design guidelines of National Building Code - NBC - 208,
2003. The number of students varies in each school, so, six
type designs (A to F) are prepared for quick estimation of
water demand. The number of present student has been
collected from Web Sida and respective CSEs. The Type
Design highlights the water demand as given below;

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In case water is available in the city mains at sufficient
pressure and quantity throughout the day to rise up to the
highest floor, no storage will be necessary at all and all
fixtures could be supplied directly except water demand for
firefighting. But it is usually not so. Storage of water within a
premises is thus necessary for all proposes.
The storage capacity required for a building depends on hours of
public supply, pressure in the mains, demand pattern in the
building and the firefighting need. Water storage is usually done in
underground tank or tanks at the ground level and overhead
tanks.

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Underground storage tanks or tanks at ground level are necessary
to collect water from the city water mains during hours of supply if
it does not reach the point of supply or the overhead tanks. It is
then pumped to overhead tank for use within the building. In areas
of chronic shortage or intermittent supply, overhead storage is also
required for domestic use and flushing purposes and to ensure
constant supply. Type designs of underground reservoir and
overhead tank following the design guidelines of National Building
Code - NBC - 208, 2003.
The capacity of underground reservoir is calculated for daily
demand of day student and firefighting need. The Type Design are
given below – Category – 1 to 6:
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3. Sanitary Fixtures : The sanitary fixtures calculation is based on the number of boy and girl
student and varies in day and boarding school. The required number has been calculated
following the design guideline of Department of Education, DOE-April 2016 for General School.
The six type designs are prepared for quick estimation of sanitary fixtures for day school. The
Type Design are given below;
S. Guid Boy Girl Sanitary Fixtures, no Remark
No. e student, studen s
line upto t, upto WC for WC for Urinal WB for WB for Water Cleaner Ablution
boy, No girl for boy boy girl Fountai s sink Tap
n
1 A 40 40 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 per 1 in each
floor WC
2 B 90 90 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 per 1 in each
floor WC
3 C 140 140 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 per 1 in each
floor WC
4 D 220 220 2 4 5 1 2 4 1 per 1 in each
floor WC
5 E 300 300 3 6 7 2 3 6 1 per 1 in each
floor WC
6 F 400 400 5 8 10 2 5 8 1 per 1 in each
floor WC
7 G 480 480 6 9 12 4 6 9 1 per 1 in each
floor WC
8 H 600 600 7 12 15 5 7 12 1 per 1 in each
floor WC
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4. Septic Tank : A Septic Tank is a combined sedimentation
and digestion tank which is water tight chamber to collect the
human excreta in the un-sewered area. The main purpose is
to collect the sewage, settle the solid matters, create the
digestion process effective and dispose effluent in a safe
away. The function of Septic Tank is to produce certain
biological and chemical changes (Decomposition) by partial
liquification and gasification of human excreta through the
action of anaerobic bacteria which di-composes wastes in the
absence of oxygen. The main function of a septic tank is to
separate, retain and partially digest settlable and floatable
solids in wastewater. The working capacity of a septic tank
shall be sufficient for all these functions to occur.

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Retention Time and de-sludging interval have been chosen
1.5 days and 6 months respectively to minimize tank size.
Similarly, Sludge accumulation rate has been adopted as 40
litre per capita per year (for collection of wastewater from
water closet and sullage).
Wastewater enters the septic tank where settlement of solid
matter subsequently occurs. Anaerobic bacteria then partly
breakdown this solid matter within the tank. The heavier solid
matter falls to the bottom and forms sludge, whilst the fats
and other lighter matter float on the surface and form a scum.
The geometry of a septic tank should be rectangular, with
length between 2 to 4 times the width. Tanks of other shapes
such as circular section may be used provided the area of the
water surface in the tank during normal operation is sufficient
to ensure proper solid separation.
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The proposed septic tanks are circular in shape and they are
separated into two compartments so that each of the
compartments can be alternately used for six month. The
septic tank will be at least two numbers in each of the
compartments to facilitate settlement of the sludge in the first
followed by second and so on. Circular type of septic tanks
are more cost effective and sustainable than that of traditiona
rectangular shape septic tank.

Based on the design parameters mentioned above and

number of septic tank users, the following Nine Type designs
(A to I) for day schools have been proposed for
implementation.

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Type Design –A : Septic Tank for 100 Day Student, Plan

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De-Sludging Interval = 6
month
Sludge Accumulation Rate =
40 l/p/year
Liquid Depth = 1.5 m
Free Board = 0.5 m
Diameter of Tank = 1.5 m
No. of Septic Tank = 2 No. (2
sets)

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Section of Septic Tank

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Type Design – A : Soak Pit for 100 Day student, Plan

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Student No = 100
Liquid depth = 1.1 m
Free Board = 0.9 m
Total Depth = 2.0 m
Diameter of Pit = 1.5 m
No. of Pits = 2 No.

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Section of Soak Pit

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Comments and suggestions

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Thank You

Prepared by:

Min B. Ranabhat

Water Supply and Sanitation Engineer

DSC - Gairidhara

Date : February 04, 2018

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