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Social factors are related to need and interest of the
group in society to which an individual belongs. Man
is a social animal. He can’t live alone.
Social values
Attitudes
Stereotypes
Suggestion
We don't always see things as they are because our perception
is influenced by internal and external factors. Stereotyping, or
exaggerated beliefs, may cause us to make snap judgments
about others. The danger of first impressions is that once we
have made them, we tend to stick to them, and we make any
differing information fit our first impression.
stereotype, a fixed set of characteristics we tend to attribute to
all group members.
Fundamental attribution Error:
when interpreting and explaining the behavior of
another person (the actor), to underestimate the
situation and to overestimate the personal disposition.
fundamental attribution error is our tendency to
explain the behavior of others based on character or
disposition.
For example, explaining your professor's harsh words
about class performance as being the result of his angry
personality type, or you might attribute it to his
disappointment with the overall class performance. If
you attribute his harsh words to an angry personality
type, then you have made the fundamental attribution
error.
The halo effect is a type of cognitive bias in which
our overall impression of a person influences how we
feel and think about his or her character.
Essentially, your overall impression of a person ("He
is nice!") impacts your evaluations of that person's
specific traits ("He is also smart!").
One great example of the halo effect in action is our
overall impression of celebrities.
Since we perceive them as attractive, successful, and
often likeable, we also tend to see them as intelligent,
kind, and funny.
Bias, or showing an unfair inclination for
or prejudice against something,
also influences our perception in both positive and negative
ways. The Egocentric bias causes individuals to think more
positively about themselves than others think of them. The
Over-confidence bias causes individuals to overestimate
their own confidence. The Status Quo bias demonstrates
that individuals give preference to things which are
familiar. The Ingroup bias shows a preference for
individuals who are in one's own group affiliation.
the ability to know things (such as what another person
is thinking or what will happen in the future) that
cannot be known by normal use of the senses.
The belief is that one can have a perceptual experience
without any sensory input. Types of reported ESPs
include
Telepathy
Forecasting
psychokinesis
Telepathy, the ability to read another person's
thoughts
forecasting, the ability to predict future incidents
accurately (for example, who will win a race or
engage in a particular activity)
psychokinesis, the ability to cause things to move by
virtue of thought processes.