GASTROENTERITIS

BY
SITI ROBIAH
0433131420117081
 BACKGROUND
Gastroenteritis or diarrhea is still a health problem, not only in
developing countries but also in developed countries.
Gastroenteritis or diarrhea infections can be caused by viruses,
bacteria, and parasites. In the UK, 1 in 5 people suffer from
infectious diarrhea every year and 1 in 6 patients who go to
general practice suffer from gastroenteritis or infectious
diarrhea.
1 In Indonesia, from 2,812 gastroenteritis or diarrhea patients
caused by bacteria who come to hospitals from several provinces
such as Jakarta, Java, Sumatra, which were analyzed from 2004
to 2005.
 DEFINITION
Acute gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the acute
gastric mucosal surface with erosion damage in the
superficial part. Acute gastroenteritis characterized by
diarrhea and in some cases of vomiting which results in
loss of electrolyte fluid which causes dehydration and
electrolyte balance disorders (Betz & Linda, 2009).
 SYMPTOMS
Diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract
generally cause symptoms of nausea, vomiting,
runny bowel movements or diarrhea several
times / diarrhea, sometimes mild or feverish
fever, and less often is stomach cramps.
 ASPECTS THAT CAN CAUSE OF GASTROENTERITIS
There are various types of viruses that can cause gastroenteritis.
The two types of viruses that are the most common causes are:
• Rotavirus. This oral contagious virus tends to infect infants
and children, because they often put fingers or objects that
have been contaminated into the mouth.
• Norovirus. This virus is very infectious and can infect anyone,
both adults and children. Most cases of food poisoning that
occur throughout the world are caused by norovirus.
 THE MEDICAL TREATMENTS
Step-by-step treatment for treating gastroenteritis
symptoms is as follows:
• Giving ORS
• Provision of zinc for 10 days
• Continuing breastfeeding and food
• Provision of certain antibiotics as indicated
First aid that can be done if attacked by
gastroenteritis include avoiding contact with
unexpected causes, prevention of lack of fluids and
adequate rest.
 THE PREVENTION
The following are some ways you can do to prevent
transmission of gastroenteritis:
• Diligently wash your hands, especially if you want to eat.
• Maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding environment.
• Clean up every food ingredient such as vegetables and fruit
to be consumed.
• Provision of rotavirus vaccine this vaccine is given to
prevent diarrhea due to rotavirus.
• Do not eat meat that is not cooked properly.
• Avoid consuming ice cubes whose cleanliness is not
guaranteed, because water can be used to make ice already
contaminated by viruses.
 CONCLUSION
Based on the definition above, it can be
concluded that acute gastroenterism is an
inflammation of the gastric mucosa which is
characterized by vomiting which results in loss
of electrolytes which cause dehydration caused
by bacterial infections and usually occurs in
infants or children.