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NON DESTRUCTIVE
TESTING METHODS
By
Kabilan.K
18MCD0033
NDT methods
Other NDT methods also rely on Visual inspection. Uses of human senses:
• Looking
Methods requires visual judgement/inspection: • Listening
• Liquid penetration inspection • Feeling
• Magnetic particle inspection • Smelling
• Radiography or X-ray inspection • Shaking
• Eddy current inspection • Twisting
Requirements
Requirements:
• The inspector's vision;
• The amount of light falling on the specimen, which is measured using a light
meter; and
• Whether the area being inspected is obstructed from view.
Enhancements
Mechanical enhancements:
• Boroscopes
• Magnifying glasses
• Micrometer
• Mirrors
• UV Lights
Defects
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
• Low cost and lesser time • Need of Skilled personnel
• Most productive on macroscopic • Center defects cannot be found
defects.
Dye or Liquid penetration inspection
Cracks with 150 nanometers can be determined
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Low cost & lesser time • Need of Skilled personnel
• Skilled personnel may not need • Prior experience is required
• Applied for complex shapes • Not suitable for very rough surfaces or
dirty surfaces
• High sensitivity for even small defects
• Portable
• Colour contrast may not there for
some materials
Magnetic particle inspection
Used for Ferro magnetic materials with fine, shallow cracks.
• Any cracks and defects in the Processes uses visual inspection:
material will interrupt the flow of • Iron
current and will cause magnetism. • Cobalt
Magnetic particles spread over the • Nickel
surface will be drawn to the damage
site. • Alloys of the above materials
PARTICLES & DETECTORS
Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Easy and fast • Test specimen size should be small & non-
complex shapes
• Portable
• The orientation & strength of the magnetic
• Pre-cleaning activity is not required field is critical
Advantages: Disadvantages:
– The picture of the X-ray is a semi – Test specimen size should be small
permanent record can be reviewed by no. & non-complex shapes
of persons in future. – The orientation & strength of the
– From the picture a skilled person can find magnetic field is critical
the defect location also the type and size. – Demagnetization required on
– Detects surface and subsurface defects finished specimen
– Sensitive to change in thickness, – Large current may required on
corrosion, flaws and material density some materials that could burn
changes. the specimen in some cases.
– Minimum surface preparation.
EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION
Used for conductive materials.
• When alternating current is applied Processes uses visual
to the conductor wire, a magnetic inspection:
field develops in and around the • Weld inspection
conductor eddy currents are • Surface inspection
produced due to the process can be • Corrosion detection
detected
• Bolt hole inspection
• Tube inspection
PROBES
TYPES OF PROBES USED:
• SURFACE
• PENCIL
• DONUT
• SLIDING
• ID & OD
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES:
• TEST PROBE DOES NOT TOUCH THE SPECIMEN. • ONLY CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS CAN BE
• SUITABLE FOR COMPLEX SHAPE. INSPECTED.
The ultrasonic waves are passed over the test specimen the
time required to the reflected is received at the receiver
end.
The flaw/deflects the ultrasonic wave and the time taken at
the crack location can be found.
By using 3 directional sensing the exact location and shape
of the crack can be found.
Working
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages: Disadvantages:
Deeper flaws along with surface Requires skilled technicians and
defects can be determined. careful attention on manual
operations
Only surface is accessible is enough in
most cases. Rough, irregular, non homogeneous
very small or thin objects cannot be
Greater accuracy in finding the depth
inspected
and thickness of cracks
Couplants for effective transfer of
Non hazardous for operators.
ultrasonic energy from transducer to
Portable, automatable and the specimen required.
immediate results.
~End of presentation~