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Workplace Lighting
Demonstration
Hawthorne Studies: Workplace
Lighting
Originally intended to examine effects of
lighting on productivity
Scientific management proposed that physical
conditions affect productivity
Result: Productivity increased regardless of
lighting level
Conclusion: Increased productivity was due to
workers’ receiving attention
Base-Level Lighting
Normal Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
More Light
Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
More Light
Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
More Light
Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
More Light
Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
Even More Light
Even Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
Even More Light
Even Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
Less Light
Even Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
Less Light
Even Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
Even Less Light
Even Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
Even Less Light
Even Higher Productivity
Control Experimental
Group Group
Hawthorne Studies: Piecework
Pay
Examined effects of group piecework pay
system on productivity
Workers under piecework system should
produce as much as possible
Scientific management assumes that people are
motivated only by money
Result: Production less than maximum
Conclusion: Social pressure caused workers to
produce at group-norm level