AIR POLLUTION

AIR POLLUTION
-Occurs when harmful or excess quantities of
substance including gases, particles, and
biological molecules are introduced into
Earth’s atmosphere.
- the undesirable presence of impurities in the
air.
What is air?
• The mixture of gases that surrounds the earth
and that we breath. (cambridge dictionary)
• The mixture of invisible odorless, tasteless
gases that surrounds the earth. ( MW )
 Abundance of nitrogen in Earth’s
atmosphere.
• Created deep down the earth by volcanoes.
• Nitrogen heavier than most gas.

• Nitrogen is non reactive.

• Nitrogen and oxygen are essential in the cycle

of life on the planet.
Pollution
• Is the introduction of contaminants into the
natural environment that cause adverse
change. ( WP )

Pollutants – is a substance or energy introduced

into the environment that has undesired
effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a
resource. ( WP )
Sources of air pollution

Outdoor air pollution

Indoor air pollution

 Outdoor air pollution
Natural ( biogenic )

Dust
– usually large areas of
land with little or no
vegetation.
 Outdoor air pollution
Natural ( biogenic )

Methane
– emitted by the
digestion of
food by
animals.
 Outdoor air pollution
Natural ( biogenic )
Smoke
- From wildfires
 Outdoor air pollution
Natural ( biogenic )
Volcanic activity
- Produces sulphur,
chlorine and ash
particles.
 Outdoor air pollution
Natural ( biogenic )
Pollen
- A fine to coarse
powdery substance
 Outdoor air pollution
HUMAN (anthropogenic)
Stationary sources
- Such as power plants, oil
refineries, industrial facilities and
factories
- Produces greenhouse gases,
about 31% ( carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide and
flourinated gases (Sarah Brumley
: bizfluent.com )
 Outdoor air pollution
HUMAN (anthropogenic)
Mobile sources
- Includes motor
vehicles, marine
vessels, and
aircraft.
- Produces flue
gases,- carbon
dioxide, carbon
monoxide, and
nitrogen ( WP )
 Outdoor air pollution
HUMAN (anthropogenic)
Military sources
- Includes nuclear weapons,
toxic gases and rocketry.
 Outdoor air pollution
HUMAN (anthropogenic)
Area sources
- Such as agricultural areas,
cities, and wood burning
fireplaces.
MAJOR AIR POL
LUTANTS
-Ozone
-Carbon monoxide
-Nitrogen dioxide
-Particulate matter
-Sulfur dioxide
-Lead
-Toxic air pollutants
-Stratospheric ozone depleters
-Greenhouse gases
Indoor air pollution
Sources:
 Gas stove
= that emits CO
 Biomass Fuels or Solid Fuels
=like Coal and Wood used in cooking or that heating.
 Kerosene
= that emits CO, NOx, and SO2 when burned
 Poor or absence of ventilation and maintenance

Pollutants:
 Carbon monoxide HCN
 Nitrogen dioxide
 Particulate matter
CO
In Humans
-can be short term or
long term effect

Depends on:

Type of pollutant you

inhaled

Concentration of the
pollutant

Length of exposure

Individual
characteristics of a
person that is exposed
to air pollution
WHO Global Ambient Air
Quality Database (update 2018)

-World Health Organization

estimates that around 7 million
people die every year from
exposure to fine particles in polluted
air that lead to diseases such as
stroke, heart disease, lung cancer,
chronic obstructive pulmonary
diseases and respiratory infections,
including pneumonia.
In Environment:

Plants Animals
Affects the ozone layer,
Animal exposed to polluted air develop
allows UV radiation to
nose and throat related ailments
penetrate which can kill plants.

Acid rain kill marine life

Affects respiration and
photosynthesis

Acid rain spoils the nutritive

value of plants.

Slowed the growth of a plant

In Environment

It destroys Cities, building and historical monuments

Smoke, smog and acid rain destroys buildings

-Acids have a corrosive effect on limestone or marble

buildings or sculptures. It is well established that either
wet or dry deposition of sulfur dioxide significantly
increases the rate of corrosion on limestone,
sandstone, and marble.

Makes the city look foggy or hazy

In Environment
Ozone Depletion

gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere

caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine
or bromine from industry and other human activities.

Ozone depletion is a major environmental problem because it increases the

amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches Earth’s surface, which
increases the rate of skin cancer, eye cataracts, and genetic and immune
system damage.
In Environment
Global Warming

Global warming is a long-term rise in the average temperature of the

Earth's climate system, an aspect of climate change shown by temperature
measurements and by multiple effects of the warming

Global warming is causing changes to the places

where plants and animals live around the world.

For example:

• Near the poles, ice and frozen ground are melting.

•This causes changes in the habitat and resources for plants and animals living
there.
•Ocean warming, rising sea levels, runoff, and coral diseases are causing
change in shallow marine environments such as coral reefs.
•Global warming is causing less rain to fall in the middle of continents.
•This makes these areas very dry and limits water resources for plants and
animals.
Most Polluted Countries
Position Country 2018 Air Quality
1 Bangladesh 97.1
2 Pakistan 74.27
3 India 72.54
4 Afghanistan 61.8
5 Bahrain 59.8
6 Mongolia 58.5
7 Kuwait 56
8 Nepal 54.15
9 United Arab Emirates 49.93
10 Nigeria 44.84

Source: IQAir AirVisual

Graphic: Will Houp,
CNN
 LAWS

REPUBLIC ACT 8749  Emission due to fuel

combustion
PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT
* powerplants
OF 1999
* vehicles
The law aims to achieve
 Particulate matter
and maintain clean air
 Air pollution levels
that meets the National Air
Health
Quality guideline values 

for criteria pollutants,  etc

throughout the Philippines,
while minimizing the
possible associated
impacts to the economy.
REPUBLIC ACT 6969 TOXIC
SUBSTANCES, HAZARDOUS AND
NUCLEAR WASTE CONTROL ACT OF
1990

 Anthropogenic activity
The law aims to regulate restrict or
prohibit the importation, * using of firecrackers
manufacture, processing, sale,
distribution, use and disposal of * fireworks
chemical substances and mixtures
the present unreasonable risk to
human health. It likewise prohibits the  Waste management
entry, even in transit, of hazardous
and nuclear wastes and their disposal
into the Philippine territorial limits for  Proper waste disposal
whatever purpose; and to provide
advancement and facilitate research
and studies on toxic chemicals.  Improper fuel incineration
* two-stroke internal
combustion engines
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE
1586 ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT STATEMENT (EIS)
STATEMENT OF 1978

 EIA is a planning and  Monitoring of toxic emissions

management tool * mercury monitoring
that will help
government, decision * acid gasses
makers, the * and other toxic elements
proponents and the  Plant regulatories
affected community
address the negative
consequences or risks  Maximum Achievable Control
on the environment. Technology
The process assures * SCR, FGD, ACI, ESP
implementation of
 LTO emission testing
environment-friendly
projects.
Measuring Devices
Air Quality Particle Counting Meter
PCE-RCM 10 Air Quality Meter PCE-RCM 15
Tapered Element Oscillating
Microbalance (TEOM)
Systematic Diagram of TOEM
How to minimize air pollution?
Governments
 Developing standards regulating the level of
pollutants in air.
 Developing Policies
 Clean energy sources like wind power, solar,
water, geothermal, biomass and Etc.

Industry
 Reducing their emissions to the
environment, taking measures to
prevent pollution accidents.
 Technological innovation like electric cars
Individuals
Reducing reliance of fossil fuels
Use public transportion
Walking or using bicycles instead of car

Home
Using clean energy like solar
power
Improving cooking devices
Reduce the needs of open fire
 End

Members:
Wilfredo Celetaria
Lenard Panes
Ryan Jay Badilles
Francis Carcueva
Carlson Binaguiohan
Rey Omnos
Kane Parilla