Simulation of Water Reservoir

System
Eg: Constructing a Dam across a river to create a reservoir

Input to the Reservoir.

1. River Inflow
2. Rainfall direct flow

Output to the Reservoir

1. Seepage Losses
2. Evaporation Losses
3. Water Supplied to meet project demand
Factors to consider:

1. Amount of seepage is not a constant quantity.

2. Evaporation depends on area of the exposed surface.

3. Supply that meet demand.

To Simulate (for a given volume of water n reservoir at a

time of year)we have calculate two losses:

1. Seepage
2. Evaporation
 Process to perform Simulation

Step 1: For the current month Cm of the current year Cy calculate

total amount of the river inflow (R flow) and total rainfall(rain)
directly over the reservoir . Let the sum of these two inputs given
by Tin.
Tin= Rain + R flow
Step 2: Add the volume of total input Tin to the volume left over
the reservoir at the end of the last month V(Cm-1)
So Gross volume (Gv) is given by:

Gv= Tin + C(Cm-1)

Step 3: On the basis of the last month’s Volume V(Cm-1), We
will calculate this month seepage(SPG) and Evaporation losses
(EVAP) and add them as Total loss (T loss)

T loss= SPG+EVAP
Step 4: Let the Demand of the water for the current month be
Dm

Step 5: If T loss ≥ Gv then

(i) The reservoir becomes dry without supplying any water, so
shortage
SHORT=Dm
(ii) The Volume of water left at the end of the current month

V(Cm)=0
(iii) Spillage: spill=0

(iv) GOTO Step 8

Else if T loss < Gv then

The net water volume available to meet the demand is

V net= Gv-T loss

Step 6: If Dm ≥ Vnet then
(i) The reservoir runs dry
(ii) Shortage is given by
SHORT=Dm-Vnet
(iii) Spill=0

(iv) Goto Step 8

Else if Dm < Vnet then

Differentiation is given by diff (diff= Vnet-Dm)

This amount of water is left over.
Step 7: if this difference (diff) left over water exceeds the capacity
(Cap) of the reservoir then there will be spill over

If diff > Cap then

(i) Spill =diff – Cap
(ii) V(Cm)=Cap

else if diff ≤ Cap then

(i) spill =0
(ii) V(Cm)= diff

Step 8: At last print the spill and short for this month and move to
the next month.
AUTOPILOT SIMULATION
It is actually auto flight system as it is a collection of
subsystem that help various aspect of a flight: heading,
altitude, course, speed and engine power.

There is a thing called autopilot which frees the pilot form

having his hands physically on the controls.

One of the biggest myths in all the aviation is the notion that
pilots just sit there while the plane flies itself from city A to
city B.

The crew flier the airplane through the automation.

More then 99% of landing are performed manually.