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For
Planning & Developing
Executing
Controlling Project Schedule
Finish to Finish:
Task (B) cannot finish until task (A) finishes. For example, if you have two
tasks, "Add wiring" and "Inspect electrical," "Inspect electrical" can't finish until
"Add wiring" finishes.
A - 5
B A 5
C A 6
D B,C 13
E B 6
F D 4
G C 9
H E,F,G 2
Example: Draw a Network Diagram
Activity Precedence Duration
A - 3
B A 15
C - 5
D C 20
E A 5
F A 1
G F 25
H G 10
I H,K 3
J B 5
K J 10
L B 1
M L 10
N E,D 10
O M,I 10
Estimate Activity Resources
A Part of Project Resource Management
• Output
• Schedule baseline Component of project management plan with baseline start &
finish dates.
– Project Schedules (milestone chart, bar charts - Gantt Chart, project schedule
network diagrams)
– Schedule Data (resource requirement by time period in resource histogram,
alternative schedules best case & worst case, scheduling of contingency reserves.)
– Project Calendar (working days & shifts available for work, can be modified)
– Project document updates (Activity resource requirements, activity attributes,
calendar, risk register)
Schedule Baseline & Project Schedule
Schedule Baseline:
It is an approved version of schedule model that can
only be changed with change request. It is accepted and
approved by appropriate stakeholders and includes
baseline start and baseline end dates. It also includes
contingency reserves.
Project Schedule:
It is created after the Schedule Baseline has been
created. It is a schedule model that represents linked
activities and planned dates, durations, milestones and
resources. This schedule must be completed before the
completion of PM Plan. It is normally presented
graphically as Bar chart, Milestone chart, Project
Schedule network diagram.
Schedule Compression
Crashing.
Schedule compression technique in which cost and schedule tradeoffs
are analyzed to determine how to obtain the greatest amount of
compression for the least incremental cost. Crashing does not always
produce a viable alternative and can result in increased cost.
Fast tracking.
A schedule compression technique in which phases or activities that
normally would be done in sequence are performed in parallel. An
example would be to construct the foundation for a building before all
the architectural drawings are complete. Fast tracking can result in
rework and increased risk. This approach can require work to be
performed without completed detailed information, such as
engineering drawings. It results in trading cost for time, and increases
the risk of achieving the shortened project schedule.
Critical Path & Critical Chain
Critical Path: calculates the theoretical early start
and finish dates for all activities, irrespective of
resource any resource limitations by performing
forward and backward pass analysis through the
schedule network.
Critical chain: is a schedule network analysis
technique that modifies the project schedule to
account for limited resources. The resource
constraint critical path is known as critical chain.
Control Schedule
Tools & Techniques:
Performance review
Measures, compares, and analyzes schedule performance such as
actual start and finish dates, percent complete and remaining
duration of work in progress.
Also reviews if corrective action is required
Variance Analysis:
Schedule performance measurements are used to assess the
magnitude of variation to the original schedule baseline.
Project Management Software
It provides the ability to track planned dates versus actual dates
and to forecast the effects of changes to the project schedule.
Control Schedule
Tools & Techniques:
Perform Reviews (Trend analysis, CPM, CCM, EVM)
Resource Leveling & Optimizing Techniques
To optimize the distribution of work among resources
What-if Scenario Analysis
Used to review various scenarios to bring the schedule into
alignment with the plan
Adjust Leads and Lags
To find ways to bring project activities that are behind into
alignment with plan
Schedule Compression
Scheduling Tool
Data is updated and compiled into the schedule to reflect actual
progress of the project and remaining work to be completed.
Crashing Projects
Causes:
Initial schedule may be too optimistic
Market needs change and the project is in demand
earlier than anticipated
The project has considerably slipped behind the
schedule
The contractual constraints
Thank you