TM 4235

Pengendalian Lingkungan Operasi Migas

Hydraulic Fracturing
 Group Members

Naura Tsabita Teja Nugraha Mahaputra

Fadjar Perdana
12215051 12215063

Nur Rahmi Syah Muhammad Haidar Rochim

Ramdani 12215096
12215092
 OUTLINE
What is Hydraulic Fracturing?

Why are We Worried?

Impacts

Technology

Solution and Improvement

Pengendalian Lingkungan Operasi Migas - Hydraulic Fracturing Page 1

What is Hydraulic Fracturing?
A well’s ability to produce hydrocarbons or
receive injection fluids is limited by the
reservoir’s natural permeability and near-
wellbore changes resulting from drilling or
other operations.
Hydraulic fracturing, also known as
hydraulic stimulation, improves hydrocarbon
flow by creating fractures in the formation
that connect the reservoir and wellbore.

Pengendalian Lingkungan Operasi Migas - Hydraulic Fracturing Page 2

What is Hydraulic Fracturing?
A hydraulic fracture is a pressure-induced
fracture caused by injecting fluid into a target
rock formation. Fluid is pumped into the
formation at pressures that exceed the fracture
pressure-the pressure at which rocks break.
To access a zone for stimulation, engineers
perforate the casing across the interval and use
retrievable plugs to isolate the interval from
other open zone. This interval is then
pressurized to the formation break-down
pressure, or fracture initiation pressure, the
point at which the rock breaks and a fracture is
created

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REGULATE
STEP OF
HYDRAULIC
FRACTURING
PROCESS

Pengendalian Lingkungan Operasi Migas - Hydraulic Fracturing Page 4

 Why Are We Worried?
PREDICTED EXPOSURES POSSIBLE IMPACTS
Chemicals Air pollution (Climate Change), Water
Pollution, Soil Pollution, Physical Health
(Acute, Chronic)
Water Resource Water scarcity

Non Chemical Stressors

Industrial Activities : Noise, Traffic Physical Health Safety Risks: Traffic Accidents

Community changes : Demographic Psychosocial stress, Lifestyle Changes

Industrialization

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Why Are We Worried?

Pengendalian Lingkungan Operasi Migas - Hydraulic Fracturing Page 6

 Reducing Emissions – Dry Chemical Applications

• Eliminates the need

of mineral oil based
material
• An automated mixing
process at well site
• Reduction in fuel
consumption and
emissions (fewer
truck trips)

Pengendalian Lingkungan Operasi Migas - Hydraulic Fracturing Page 7

 Bifuel Technology

• 70% engines diesel fuel

supply is replaced with
natural gas
• Improvement in
operational efficiency,
lower costs, reduces
safety risks
• 32% reduction in
greenhouse gas
emissions

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 The reason using flowback water

1. Limitations in sources of fresh water

2. Attractive economics of recycling compared with tanker truck
transportation costs (56% to 84% of the total water-handling
costs)
3. Minimization of road traffic (reduce environmental impacts)
4. Water disposal costs

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 Contaminants in flowback water

1. Residual guar gels

2. Polyacrylamide residue
3. A variety of spent fracturing additives
4. Suspended solids

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Water Treatment Needs

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 Simplified Fracture Water Process

Produced Oil/Water Anaerobic Aeration

Water Separator Basin Basin

Sand Fracture Water

Filter to Pipeline
Clarifier
Distribution

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Quality Standards for Recycle Water

Parameter Range
TDS at 180mg/l 9,000-16,000
Turbidity, NTU 0-5
pH 6.5-8
Iron, mg/l 1-10
Chloride, mg/l 5,000-10,000
Potassium, mg/l 100-500
Calcium, mg/l 50-250
Magnesium, mg/l 10-100
Sodium, mg/l 2,000-5,000
Boron, mg/l 0-20

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 Constituents that should be removed

1. Methanol
2. Dissolved aromatic compounds
3. Excess dissolved solids
4. Boron

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 Discharge Water Process

Produced Oil/Water Anaerobic Aeration Sand

Water Separator Clarifier
Basin Basin Filter

Membrane Fracture
Reverse Boron Ion
Bioreactor Bioreactor Water to
Osmosis Exchange Pipeline
Distribution
Additional Clean Water
Treatment Discharged to
and Disposal Environment
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 Bioreactor

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Membrane Bioreactor

Pengendalian Lingkungan Operasi Migas - Hydraulic Fracturing Page 15

 Water Treatment Solution

The H2prOTM HD Water Management uses Chlorine Dioxide

• Neutralizes bacteria, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), iron sulfide, phenols, and
mercapatants in produced and flowback water
• Reduced bacteria over 90% compared to traditional liquid biocide
The H2prOTM HMS Electrocoagulation Technology
Uses a crosslinked polysaccharide-based fracture fluid formulated using
100% of waste water (flowback)
• 98% reduction in transportation and disposal costs
• 50% reduction in freshwater usage
• 20% reduction in overall operating costs
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 Non-Chemical Stressors

Industrial Activities
• Noise • Community Changes
1. Drill rigs 1. Demographic changes
2. Generators (drilling, fracking) 2. Industrialization
3. Trucks
• Traffic
1. Moving Industrial Equipment
2. Moving fluids (frac. water and waste)
3. Workers
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 Health Impact of Noise

• 30 dB : Sleep Disturbance
• 55 dB : Fatigue, Cognition/mood
impacts
• 70 dB : School Performance
• Road/railway noise : Blood Pressure,
CV Disease/mortality

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 Solution and Improvement

• Comprehensive, Transparent Planning

• Local Involvement, Adequate Funding
• Address Demographic Changes
• Uniform use of Industry Best Practices
• Ongoing Monitoring of Potential Impacts
• Adaptive Management Plans

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 THANK YOU
Source :
SPE-173515-MS : Hydraulic Fracturing-Safe, Environmentally Responsible Energy Development
SPE-152189-MS : Eco-Friendly Creation of Hydraulic Fracturing
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences : Hydraulic Fracturing and Environmental Public Health
Hydraulic Fracturing : Unlocking America’s Natural Gas Resources
SPE-185708-MS : A New Method for Geomechanical Modelling of Subsidence
Handling Produced Water from Hydaulic Fracturing