1.

We will summarize the forms and origins

of government that are found in ancient
civilizations.

2. We will examine the beliefs that formed

political thought in ancient civilizations.
 Types of
Government
Democracy Oligarchy Dictatorship

Monarchy Anarchy

Rule by Many Rule by a Few

Rule by One Rule by None

 Two Types of
Democracy

DIRECT REPUBLIC/INDIRECT
•All citizens participate
•All citizens participate
• People elect representatives
• No representatives –
who vote on the issues
citizens vote on issues
• Representatives answer to
the people and usually must
follow a constitution
Example – Ancient
• Example - USA
Athens

Democracy is any type of government where power is held by all citizens.

 Oligarchy
An oligarchy is any society ruled by a small group of
people. There are several different types of oligarchies,
but the two most common are:
Aristocracy Theocracy
• rule by a small group • rule by a group of
of wealthy and well religious leaders
educated citizens • religious law is used to
• power is usually passed govern
down within certain
families Example – the Islamic
Republic of Iran
Example – Medieval
Europe

•
 Autocracy
An autocracy is any society ruled by a one person.
The two most common forms of autocracy are:
Tyranny Monarchy

• power is taken by force •rule by kings, queens

• dictators have total and other types of
control over the lives royalty
of the people • power is passed down,
• people have few rights usually from father to
son
Example – Nazi Germany
Example – France in the
1600s and 1700s
•

•
 Anarchy
Anarchy is the absence of government.
There is no government to make or enforce laws.
 Empire
A group of nations or people ruled over by an emperor,
empress or other powerful leader or government.
Example - Roman Empire