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Asexual Reproduction
• One parent
• Offspring are identical to parent/ No genetic
variation
• Examples: Vegetative propagation, budding,
cloning, mitosis (remember ?)
This means no siblings are alike unless they are identical twins!!
• Forming Gametes
– After meiosis in males four haploid cells are formed
=spermatogenesis.
– In females one haploid egg is formed=oogenesis.
AND three polar bodies.
• In humans the sperm should have 23
chromosomes and the egg should have 23
chromosomes.
• When they meet the individual (baby) has 46
chromosomes in 23 pairs.
• You can see these in a karyotype (picture of a
person’s chromosomes).
Chromosomes and Karyotypes
• Humans have 46 chromosomes in every
cell of their body. Those 46 chromosomes
are actually 23 pairs of chromosomes.
• Polygenic Traits
– Characteristics controlled by two or more genes.
– Genotype: TtGGEe
– Phenotype: More dominant alleles = the more extreme
of a trait.
– Ex. Eye color is determined by the combination of
approximately 3 genes.
– Other examples?
– Baby Lab?
Special Inheritance: Types of Dominance
• The type of dominance we have been studying is complete
dominance.
– Two phenotypes are possible.
– Baby Lab Trait?
• Incomplete dominance: When the F1 generation could have a
phenotype completely different from the parents.
– Three phenotypes are available for each trait. The third
phenotype is a mix of the other two.
– Example
– Baby Lab Trait?
• Codominance: When the F1 generation could have a phenotype
completely different from the parents.
– Three phenotypes are available for each trait. The third phenotype
shows both of the other two.
– Example
– Baby Lab Trait?
• Polyallele Traits (Multiple Allele)
– Several possible alleles for one trait.
– Results in 4-5 phenotypes
– Ex. Blood Types (polyallele and codominance)
– Blood Type Chart and practice in your notes.
Phenotype Genotype Donate To Recieve From
(Blood Type)
Blood Type
A woman with type A blood has a child with a
man who has type O blood. Their first child
has type O blood. Determine the genotypes of
the parents and show the cross. What is the
probability that they will have another child
with type O blood? What other blood types
are possible for their offspring?
Blood Typing
• A woman with type A blood has a child with
type AB blood. She is trying to determine
who is the father of her child. Father #1 has
type B blood and Father #2 has type O blood.
Which man is the father of her child? Show
the Punnett square to support your answer.