Well Perforating

Concept
of well
perforating
Perforating
Methods
  Bullet´s speed: 900 m/s
 Successful: very round
entrance hole
 Sharp internal burrs

Bullet Gun Perforating

Jet Formation Components

Shaped Charges
Perforating Guns Configuration
 ABRASIVE PERFORATING METHODS
Use high-volume flow of
abrasive-laden fluid to
erode through the target
pipe or cut it off when the
nozzle or tubing string is
rotated.

Parameters:

- The drilling fluid must be

sufficiently viscous
- Tubing used to transport
the abrasive fluid must
be able to withstand
high pressures
FIG. 1 illustrates an abrasive
FIG. 2 Sand Jet Perforator
perforating bottom hole assembly
 Advantages
Make perforations with
maximum flow area
minimum damage to the
formation or to the integrity
of the steel pipe
heavy oil completions
perforating and fracturing
can be accomplished nearly
simultaneously
Disadvantages
the time needed to create
each perforation
the amount of equipment
required
the need to kill or control the
well
Perforating
Equipment
 Types of
Cannons
• Recoverable Guns.

• Disposable or non-recoverable Cannons.

• Semi-recoverable Cannons.
Recoverable Guns.

They operate at great

depths

High pressures

High temperatures
Disposable cannons

Individual
capsule

Brittle material

(Aluminum, ceramic or iron sealed under pressure)

Semi-recoverable
Cannons.

They are guns equipped with a recoverable

load carrier, slickline, improved capsules.
Explosive Train

1. Detonator or initiator

2. Detonating Cord

3. Molded Explosive Charge

 DETONATOR

Initiator or Detonator of a cannon used in

the cannonade of wells.
ELECTRICAL DETONATOR
DETONATOR OF PERCUSSION
Skin Factor
DURING THE
PERFORATING

Permeabili
ty 10 %

Permeability 20 -80
%
Permeability
TECHNIQUES TO REMEDY SKIN FROM THE PERFORATING
Underbalance
Treatment in the
perforations
New design of guns
CONCLUSIONS

- Well perforation is a critical aspect of well completions. After the

exploration and drilling phase, if hydrocarbons are present in commercial
quantities, then the well may have to be completed.

- Well perforation provides a path of communication between the

reservoir and the wellbore as the trapped hydrocarbons will have to flow
out through the perforations. If perforation is done correctly, production
can be tremendously increased; the opposite goes for poor perforation
methods.

- Formation damage is common near wellbore regions, and the

perforation tunnels created can help bypass any formation damaged
during the drilling phase or could make matters worse.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Jonathan Michael Stang - APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ABRASIVE PERFORATING AND
CLEANOUT, Macklin, CA (US)
Recuperado de: https://patents.google.com/patent/US9115558

- L. Carrera, O. Morales, F. Sierra, N. Teran, and A. Monge - ABRASIVE PERFORATION

TECHNIQUE OPTIMIZE PRODUCTION AND AVOID RESERVOIR DAMAGE IN COCA FIELD
ECUADOR, Petroamazonas E.P; J. Alvarez, Halliburton
Recuperado de: https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/SPE-177252-MS

- Petrowiki - PEH:PERFORATING
Recuperado de: https://petrowiki.org/PEH:Perforating?fbclid=IwAR03QfbGNqFI-
Oc4kShzzhHY9mjKh05oMfL7PPGKq12Dr83n788FaXG6pnk#Abrasive_Perforating_Methods