Paint Chemistry

By Zeeshan Ahmad & Shehzad

Chemistry Department, University Of Lahore
 Paint
Paint is a liquid colloidal suspension applied to an object to protect and enhance
interior and exterior surfaces.

GEORGE B. KAUFFMAN
(California State University)
 History
• Color has been around for more than 20,000 years
• widely used by the ancient Egyptians.
• It was between 600 BC-AD 400 that the Greeks and Romans introduced
varnishes to help along the process of what we know today as paint.

Stephanie Pappa (October 13, 2011)

Pigments give colour and opacity to paints.  Amongst the organic 
pigments, particularly 
important..are azo, phthalocyanine and anthraquinone derivatives.
The most common inorganic pigment is white titanium dioxide 
(titanium(IV) oxide) which provides over 70% of total pigments 
used,
It has a high refractive index and gives a 'gloss' to the paint.
Another widely used inorganic pigment is finely divided calcium
carbonate. This has a low refractive index and is used, together
with titanium dioxide, to produce 'matt' paints. Other pigments
include iron oxides (black, yellow and red), zinc oxide and carbon
black.
Powdered metals such as zinc and some metal compounds, for
example zinc phosphate, have corrosion inhibiting properties
 BINDS" THE PIGMENT, PROVIDES ADHESION, INTEGRITY AND TOUGHNESS TO
THE DRY PAINT FILM

• Adhesion and related properties like resistance to blistering, cracking and peeling
•Other key resistance properties like resistance to scrubbing, chalking and fading
•Application properties like flow, leveling and film build, and gloss development
 Acrylic Binders Alkyd Resins
For Water Based Paints For Oil Based Paints
The binder in many emulsion paints is based on homopolymers
or co-polymers of ethenyl ethanoate and a propenoate (acrylic)
ester.
Ethenyl ethanoate is manufactured by passing a mixture of ethanoic acid,
ethene and oxygen over heated with catalyst
(University of York, UK)
Ethenyl ethanoate and an acrylic ester (for example, methyl 2 methylpropenoate)
are then co-polymerized to form a random array, in which these groups link into a
linear chain:
Decorative gloss paints typically contain alkyd
polymers (resins). A typical resin is that produced
from a polyol such as propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol)
with a dibasic acid such as benzene-1,2-
dicarboxylic (phthalic) anhydride and a drying oil
(linseed or soybean oil). On being heated
together, ester linkages are formed, and water is a
by-product. The name alkyd is derived from
alcohol and anhydride.
The first step in making the alkyd polymer is the reaction between the triol
and the drying oil to produce a monoglyceride. For example:
The monoglyceride then reacts with the anhydride to form
the alkyd polymer (resin):
 Paint Drying
As the paint dries, a film is formed which
adheres to the surface of the material to
which it is being applied.
Emulsion paints dry by a physical process
involving the evaporation of water followed
by coalescence of the polymer droplets and
their subsequent integration into a hard
polymer matrix that acts as a binder for the
pigment.
On applying gloss paints, the alkyd polymer
cross-links by an oxidation reaction with
oxygen in the air once the solvent has
largely evaporated. This reaction is
accelerated using salts of transition metals
(for example, cobalt and manganese
naphthenates). The transition metal ion (with
variable oxidation state) catalyses cross
linking of the polymer chains, producing a
hard surface film to the paint.
 Perfumes

Stabilizers
Anti skinning, Anti Freezing,
Antifoam, Dispersants ..etc

Desired Property Additives

References
• http://www.sinopia.com/Paint-Binders_c_286.html
• http://www.essentialvermeer.com/palette/palette_anatomy_of_paint
.html#.WD8BfrJ94pt
• http://www.paintquality.com.au/library/ingredients_2.htm
• Stephanie Pappa (October 13, 2011). "Oldest Human Paint-Making
Studio Discovered in Cave"Live Science. Retrieved October 14,2011.
• Chemistry of Paints by GEORGE B. KAUFFMAN California State
University. Fresna Fresno. CA 93740
• Stephanie Pappa (October 13, 2011). "Oldest Human Paint-Making
Studio Discovered in Cave"Live Science. Retrieved October 14,2011.
• Chemistry of Paints by GEORGE B. KAUFFMAN California State
University. Fresna Fresno. CA 93740