Bioethanol Production From

Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi) Peel

Wastes Using Active Dry-yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Arcena, Ivan
Abarquez, Alvin
Losorata John Rey
Tupa, Kent

Senior High School Department

Palompon Institute of Technology
Background of the Study
 A long time ago until now, gasoline usages have a higher
demand every year. In recently, the world faces a crisis of
diminishing fossil fuel reserves, thus an alternative energy
sources need to be renewable, sustainable, efficient, cost-
effective, convenient and safe.
The improvement of living standard urges the hunt for
sustainable energy in order to meet energy consumption across
the world (Demirbas, 2010).
 According to Gunasekaran and Raj (1999) natural resources
such as petroleum have been consumed at high rate over last
decades. The heavy reliance on this fuel is bound to end, due to
environmental impact and to the fact that they might eventually
run out.
On the other hand, the use of fossil fuels as the main energy
resources caused the arising of worldwide problems such as
environmental pollution and global warming (Hoekman, 2009).
These led to the finding of environmentally friendly, renewable
and sustainable energy by government, industrial and energy
sector. (Topal, 2009)
 According to Orwa et al. (2009) breadnut (Artocarpus
camansi) is a moderately fast growing, single-stemmed, evergreen
tree of 10-15 m or more with a trunk 1 m in diameter or larger, often
growing to a height of 5 m before branching; a spreading canopy of
diameter about half of the tree height and a more open branching
structure than breadfruit (A. altilis) or dugdug (A. mariannensis).
The tree forms buttresses at the base; roots spread and grow on or
slightly below the surface. Sticky, white, milky latex is present in all
parts of the tree.
 The production of ethanol using plants containing starch or
carbohydrates is conducted through the process of carbohydrate
bioconversion into sugar (glucose) that dissolves in water.
Glucose can be made from starch by hydrolyzing to break it down
into glucose molecules by using an acid chemicals (i.e. sulphuric
acid), then fermentation of sugars is conducted to produce ethanol
by adding yeast (Fitriana, 2009).
 In this study, the researchers will try to determine the potential
of breadnut peel wastes for extraction of bioethanol using active
dry-yeast. The respondents of the study will be ten (10) from
every groups of respondents: Senior High School, Junior High
School and College students and Teachers. This study will be
conducted within the second semester of the academic year
2018-2019 at Palompon Institute of Technology, Palompon,
Leyte.
 Moreover, the yield of this research is to give out
environmental advantages for the community since it came from
agro waste. Bio-fuels are now the most promising way of revising
transportations into an eco-friendly vehicle that gives out less
toxic to the earth’s ruined atmosphere. This research may help
the community and reduces some percentage of the possible
destructed future that the next generation will inherit.
Research Objectives
 This study aims to produce a bioethanol from breadnut (Artocarpus
camansi) peel wastes using active dry-yeast (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) and aims to test its acceptability in terms of combustion, pH
value, boiling point and its organoleptic (odor, color and touch)
characteristics.
Specifically, it attempts to answer the following:
1. What are the laboratory results of the production of bioethanol
using
1.1. breadnut peel wastes with 4 grams of yeast?
1.2. breadnut peel wastes with 6 grams of yeast?
1.3. breadnut peel wastes without yeast?

2. Is there a significant difference of efficacy on the among of the

treatments of the produced bioethanol in terms of these parameters:
2.1. combustion?
2.2. pH value?
2.3. and boiling point?
3. Is there a significant difference of the efficacy between the
produced bioethanol and the commercial one in terms of these
parameters:
3.1. combustion?
3.2 pH value?
3.3. and boiling point?

4. What is the acceptability level of the best produced bioethanol on

organoleptic in terms of
4.1. odor?
4.2. color?
4.3. texture?

5. Is the best produced bioethanol organoleptically acceptable to the

respondents?
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses will be tested in the study.

1. There is a significant difference on the efficacy among the

treatments of the produced bioethanol in terms of combustion, pH
value and boiling point?

2. There is no significant difference of the efficacy between the

produced bioethanol and a commercial fuel in terms of combustion,
pH value, and boiling point.

3. The best produced bioethanol is organoleptically acceptable to the

respondents.
Significance of the Study
 Fuel Powered-Vehicle Drivers. They may benefit from this study
because the use of bioethanol from breadnut peel wastes may reduce
their payment for fuel and may attract more commuters since they use
bioethanol fuel from breadnut peelings which may be more
environment-friendly and convenient than any other commercially
sold.

Commuters. They may benefit from this study because the use of
bioethanol from breadnut peel wastes may reduce their transportation
expenses thus be reserved for other expenditures. They may also be
more convenient on riding transportations since bioethanol from
breadnut peel wastes promotes free from toxic and harmful
chemicals.
 Economy. The economy may benefit from this study because
producing bioethanol from breadnut peel wastes is easy and
entrepreneurs may sell the product which may help in boosting the
economic growth. The study may rebound to the benefit of the
economy considering every country does not have a large reserve of
oil to sustain the needs of the people. Having to import the oil puts a
huge dent in the economy. If more people start shifting towards
biofuels, a country may reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
 DOE (Department of Energy). The DOE may benefit from this
study because this will serve as a new source of knowledge. This may
serve as their new vent for renewable source of energy.

To the future researchers. This study may provide them with great
help specifically with methods and processes that researchers will
use. They may also use the research product to further develop their
research.
Research Design
 The design used in this research is the survey-experimental
design. This research design will be used to determine the
acceptability of bioethanol in terms of organoleptic and the significant
difference of efficacy of the breadnut peel wastes as bioethanol based
on the three treatments in terms of these parameters: combustion, pH
value and boiling point and a significant difference of efficacy of the
breadnut peelings as bioethanol between the commercial in terms of
these parameters: combustion, pH value, and boiling point.
Research Environment
 The researchers needed to decide where the data will be collected.
The selection of an appropriate setting is important, as it could
influence the way participants behave or feel and how they respond to
questions (Polit & Hungler 1995:142). In this study the researchers
decided on settings where the respondents and materials will be
accessible for the study.

This study will be conducted at Brgy. Central I Pintor Luna St.

Palompon, Leyte. The conceptualization and evaluation of the product
will be organized at Palompon Institute of Technology, Palompon,
Leyte. The analysis and examination of bioethanol from Breadnut peel
wastes using active dry-yeast will be done at Palompon Institute of
Technology, Chemistry Laboratory.
Research Respondents
 In order to obtain an information on “Bioethanol Production from
Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi) Peel Wastes Using Active Dry-Yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)” as to its level of acceptance, the
researchers will use simple random sampling technique in which the
respondents of the sample are selected randomly. The respondents
of the study will be ten (10) from every group of respondents: Senior
High School, Junior High School, College students and Teachers
Materials
Breadnut peels Mortar and Pestle Plastic Bottle Yeast

Water Knife Plastic Tube Dropper

Thermometer Gasoline Erlenmeyer Flask

Container Graduated Cylinder

Equipment
Gas Stove
Procedure
A. Collection of Breadnut Peel Wastes

Breadnut peel wastes will be collected within the vicinity of

Palompon, Leyte. A total of two kilos of breadnut peel wastes will be
collected. These breadnuts peel wastes will be used as raw materials
in examining its potential as bioethanol.
B. Preparation for the Fermentation of the Breadnut Peel Wastes

Cut the breadnut peels into small pieces, the number of breadnut
peel is dependent on the treatment followed. The breadnut peels must
be used right away to ensure that it will not rot. Boiled the breadnut
peels and after 5 minutes fill the Mortar with these boiled breadnut
peels. Crush the breadnut peels using mortar and pestle. Turn it into
fine mash.
C. Mixing of Mash Breadnut Peel Wastes to Yeast

After that, put the mash in a container filled with 100 mL of water,
and then pour the yeast in the container then mix for 10 minutes or
more, the amount of yeast is dependent on the treatment followed.
Cover and seal the container do not open it yet; wait for at least 3-7
days for it to be fermented well. To know if the fermented breadnut peel
wastes are all out, look at the foam formed just above the liquid.
Usually, the foam forms and after a couple of days or weeks it slowly
dissolves.
D. Distillation Process of the Fermented Breadnut Peel Wastes

After the fermentation process is the distillation process, this

process is done to get the ethanol from the fermented breadnut peel
wastes; this will purify the fermented breadnut peel juice by heating
and then cooling. Make sure that the apparatuses used are clean. Pour
the fermented breadnut peel into an Erlenmeyer flash, using a plastic
tube with a rubber, close the Erlenmeyer flask and connect the other
end of the tube into the opening of the container.
Using the stove, heat up the Erlenmeyer flask and wait 1 hour or
more, depending on the treatment. Pure bio-ethanol is then produced
after removing the remaining H2O. The ethanol is potent and potable
because it is produced from an edible fruit.
E. Denaturing the Bioethanol
Transfer the bioethanol into a clean container that has a
compatible cover or cork with it. Add a small amount of gasoline from
2%-5% (not exact) in order to denature the ethanol, it is a requirement
for all pure-grade ethanol.

F. Preparation of the Treatments

The treatments were all randomized using the random sampling.
There will be three (3) treatments, each treatment were 3 replicates
that are all placed in a small glass container, each replicate measures
10ml based on a 100ml graduated cylinder. Treatment 1 and 2 has
different amount of yeast while, treatment 3 which is the controlled
variable does not have yeast.
G. Setups
The following setups are the specific measurements of the time
and amount of variables that are added during the process of making
the bioethanol.

Table 2. Specific measurements of the time and amount of variables on making bioethanol
No. Subject used in Mass of Fermentation Distillation Amount of
this treatment Yeast (g) Time (hr) Time Gasoline
(minutes) (drops)
1 40 grams 4 192 30 4 drops
(breadnut peels)
2 40 grams 6 192 30 4 drops
(breadnut peels)
3 40 grams - 192 30 4 drops
(breadnut peels)
Methods of Collecting Data
 The researchers will gather the data by measuring the 4 parameters
(combustion, pH value, boiling point and organoleptic). The
measurement of three (3) parameters (combustion, pH value, and
boiling point) will be done in three treatments: treatment 1 and 2 has
the one with yeast but with different amount and the treatment 3 does
not have yeast. The treatment 1 and 2, which are the experimental
variable, will compare to the treatment 3, which is the controlled
variable. The measurement of organoleptic will be done in the
evaluation of the group of the respondents.
 The researchers will also gather data using evaluation sheet from
the respondents that were base from the convenience sampling where
the respondents of the sample are selected by their accessibility of the
researchers. The researchers will send a letter of request to the
respective concerns to ask permission to conduct a survey around the
campus.
Statistical Tool
Statistics is one way of getting information’s organized. In order to
analyze and interpret the data, the following statistical tools will be used:

The weighted mean will be used on the study specifically on

evaluating the results of the respondents. The response of the
respondents will be collected and analyzed using the weighted mean.
σX
𝑥ҧ =
n
Where:
𝑥ҧ = Weighted Mean
σ X = Sum of all data values
n = number of data items in sample
 The ANOVA test will be performed on the study particularly on
comparing the significance difference of efficacy of the bioethanol
produced from the breadnut peel wastes and the commercial one.

The formula for finding the ANOVA coefficient is:

MST
F=
MSE
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 Bioethanol Production From
Breadnut (Artocarpus camansi) Peel
Wastes Using Active Dry-yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

Arcena, Ivan
Abarquez, Alvin
Losorata John Rey
Tupa, Kent
Senior High School Department
Palompon Institute of Technology