PROFFESSIONAL PRACTICE

Session -1
scope of interior design
Introduction
Professional practice deals with the practice of Interior designers in a systematic,
professional and ethical manner bringing discipline at the same time glamour and
laurel to the field.
Demand and Supply
With more and more people willing to get their residence and working areas designed
according to their taste, there has been a great demand for experienced interior
designers.
There is an imbalance between the demand and supply of professionals in this field.
The demand for experienced interior designers is on a high in spite of the recent global
economic slowdown that hit almost all sectors of the world economy.
The increasing construction activity in urban areas and small towns has only added to
the demand for these professionals. The demand for interior designers has surpassed
the supply.
Pros
 The profession of interior designing is such
that you can carry on consultancy activities
independently with minimum investment.
 For hardworking people, name, fame and
money is assured in this profession.
 There is a great probability to meet
celebrities and well known people in your
line of work.
 it provides flexibility in profession ,
particularly career oriented women
 Once established , can demand / command
very good remuneration/ consultancy fees
 One can always specialize and diversify into
different verticals /fields within interior
design like – exhibition design, product
design, graphic design, set design,
exclusively kitchen design etc.
cons
 Interior designing is a hectic and a
very demanding profession.
 Many a times the working hours can
become erratic and that too when
deadlines are stiff.
 This profession involves both working
at sites and in the office.
 You should be able to complete a task
in a given time span with deadlines.
 Creativity is fine but you will have to
do the needful for the client keeping
their budget in mind.
 The initial years are really tough and
you must not lose heart.
 You must not be disheartened by the
fact that this profession has not yet
received its due in the society
Types of opportunities in interior design
Employment –
 Work with architects and architectural
firms
 Work with renowned builders
 Work with Hospitals and other medical
facilities
 Work at Town and city planning bureaus
 Work on Hotels and health resorts
projects
 Work with Design studios and exhibition
organizers
 Work with Event management companies
 Work with Innumerable public and
private sector establishments
 Working as faculty for interior design
Private –
 Own firm/companies dealing
with design consultancy,
project management and
execution(contracts)
 Own business establishments
like showrooms of materials
and interiors products
 Own enterprises of services like
interior landscaping, home
automation, home theatre,
modular furniture etc.
 Own firms of event
management and set designing
 INTERIOR DESIGNERS CAN FIND EMPLOYMENT WITH
studios ,theatres
& exhibitions
5% architectal firms
and associates
15%
private builders
consultancies 10%
30%

metropolitan
development
works
5%
town planning showrooms
bureau 15%
5% hospitals public works
hotel and resort
5% department
chains
5%
5%
verticals / fields of interior design

residential office showroom restaurant

design design design design

hotel hospital product

set design
design design design

furniture window graphic exhibition

design display design design
RESIDENTIAL INTERIORS
OFFICE INTERIORS
SHOWROOM INTERIORS
HOSPITAL INTERIORS
HOTEL INTERIORS
RESTAURANT INTERIORS
PRODUCT DESIGN
FURNITURE DESIGN
WINDOW DISPLAY
SET DESIGN
EXHIBITION SPACE DESIGN
 Session -2
role of interior designer
Interior decorator
Decorator focus more on ambience not
planning
Decorator bases his design selection purely on
his personal taste and instinct which may not
help in the long term as one gets older
Decorator resorts to existing designs on net or
magazines
Decorator may not solve technical issues of site
expect for experience
Decorator may escalate the budget
unknowingly due to lack of knowledge or
unprofessional dealing
Interior designer
Designer looks into over design including
planning, ambience, durability, concept/theme
and technical aspects
Designer bases his design selection purely as
per the concept conceived for the project
Designer gives unique and creative ideas
Designer is a trained professional who can
solve any technical issues on site
Designer controls the budget or escalates the
cost with due knowledge and consent and prior
estimation of work
need of an interior designer

design economy budget control

selection elimination safety

arbitration aesthetic dimensions services

role of interior designer

• an interior designer - identifies , researches & creatively solves problems pertaining to the fnction &
quality of the interior environment
• an interior designer performs services relative to interior spaces , design analysis, space planning &
aesthetics- using specialized knowledge of interior construction , building codes , equipment, materials ,
furnishings etc.
• an interior designer prepares drawings & documents relative to design of interior spaces
characteristics of interior designers
• appreciation of beauty - vision
• psychology insight - being in clients shoes
• analysis of the problem - multi dimensional thought process
• flexibility adjustable approach to design
• visual communication - a picture is equal to 5000 words
• meeting the deadlines - Mr.Dependable
• working with diverse personalities - chameleon
• business acumen- being truly professional
• love for detail & accuracy - God lies in small details
• enthusiasm - quest / thirst
• being responsible - more towards profession than individuals
remuneration to/of interior designer
• consultancy per/sft
• contract % of profit
• project management fees per/sft

problems faced for payments

• 1 st meeting- mention of fees is not initiated as client " may " feel
offended/uncomfortable
• designer is summoned to the clients place for work / negotiation
• client proposes fees discussion as if to buy vegetables not ideas
• client resorts to perverted behavior to make the designer beg for payment /
installments
• once job done , the balance final payment is cut without genuine reason
ethics of interior designer

• the designer should pass the discount to client in case he purchases

material for following good reasons:
• designer already accepted fees for design & selection
• designer is not a commission agent or broker
• if designer accepts discounts than he has to oblige to low quality of
materials and workmanship from vendors and workers
• it eventually becomes an obsession and creativity takes back seat
• if client comes to know , trust is lost on designer and relationship is
strained and reputation remarked
code of professional conduct

• the designer shall not undertake any execution work or sale of furniture
• the designer is remunerated solely by professional fees or salary payable but not otherwise
from other sources of work
• the designer must not accept discounts / commissions from vendors
• the designer must not carry on or act as a principal / partner / manager of any company dealing
with furniture / materials / labor business
• the designer must not advertise his services except for change of address / telephone number
• the designer may allow signed illustrations of his work to be published in press not for a
monetary considerations of himself or publisher
• the designer may appear on video/ television/radio in advisory / consultative capacity on a fee
predetermined by the concerned authority only and not otherwise
• the designer can write /edit/ compile/ collate an article / a book alone or in collaboration under
his name and co- authors name
IIID - code of professional conduct

• the designer may exhibit his name outside his office and near the project being executed with the
conditions that the lettering does not exceed 5 cm in height
• the designer must ask for NOC ( no objection certificate ) to the client from previous designer to
further proceed with the pending /incomplete work
• in all case of dispute between the client and contractor , the designer should arbitrate impartially
and unbiased to both
• the designer , if employed in a firm , must not steal the job from the office through client
• the designer , if employed in a firm , must try to avoid taking private job/s as it would hamper the
performance in the employment taken
• the designer, if employed in a firm must not interact with a visitor / client unless he has been
authorised by his employer
• the designer / employee must not allow a visitor / client enter into the design section of office
• the designer must always be on the best of his behavior with the client andnever lose his temper
in the worst case with the employer / client / colleague / contractor / supplier / labour / visitor.
 Session -3
types of clients & getting
jobs/works
 Types of clients & constraints in profession
category example Way to deal
catalogue struck google searches We will do it or convince for
customization
designer struck trusts only branded designer pls go ahead
carpenter struck trusts carpenter only Sound more technical ,highlight details
self styled executors I need small help ,but I’ll do it myself Communicate that you are busy
interfering client Family and friends influence explain wastage and delay in work
unwilling client Never nods even if impressed Let him suggest first
donor client Charity work, low budget Leave it to your assistant
low taste Likes - Out of trend and fashion Compare with latest projects
unsettled client Not sure what to do Communicate that your time is valuable
great poser client Talks great about himself Have patience .its not hindrance
assurance - giving client “do this, I’ll give more business” Don’t fall into trap
clients adopting for labor contract Per day, per hour, per visit calculation Explain or quit

prestige hunting client The project should look great-no Go for it . It will help in portfolio
matter what
Different ways of obtaining work in the profession of interior design
description
By your work A good work speaks for your creativity and ability to handle any scale of project and by
default becomes your advertisement for future prospects / projects
By specialization Today there are many verticals in interior design, like residential, office, showroom,
restaurant, hotels, hospitals, set design, exhibition spaces, window displays, product design,
furniture design and many more. One can be a specialist in any one or all .
By winning interior Societies and Government organizations invite for design competitions which different
design competition designers irrespective of their stand/service in the field, participate and win laurels and
thereafter stream of projects in both private and Government sectors
By personal Any individual may attract acquaintances due to good behavior , right attitude and pleasant
relationships demeanor and establishes a relationship which might help/progress into a prospective client.

By acquaintances in Any of the relatives or friends or their acquaintances might require assistance in design or
family and friends execution or even purchases for their residence/office/showroom and it will be a opportunity
to demonstrate your skills of expertise in interior design
By joining a A club/society has a particular circle of people ,where in during conversations, the topic of
club/society discussion might be your profession and here is an opportunity for a prospective client
By asking established Most of the established Architects/Interior designers come to a saturation of number of
designers projects and they might entrust the junior designers with small sized projects which is good
opportunity to get exposure and launch their careers.
Employment –
Tips for Getting Hired
It is essential to complete an
interior designing course from
a reputed institute.
It is advisable that you should
have completed an internship
or some sort of apprenticeship
under the tutelage of an
interior designer or a firm.
 Auto CAD and other computer
related programs
 Designing ability
 Good communication skills
 Material knowledge
 construction knowledge
Private –
Skills for Entrepreneurship
 Sketching skills
 Designing skills
 Auto Cad drawings
 Estimations and costing
 Site supervision
 Accounting
 Delegation of work
 Sourcing of material
 Exposure to quality of material and workmanship
 Negotiation
 Selection/shopping for material or design
accessories
 Scheduling of work
 Ability to extract payment
 Session -4
types of services
TYPES OF SERVICES

consultancy
consultancy

project management

contract
Design consultancy
1. All designs like plans (furniture layout , electrical layout, false ceiling layout with
lighting )
2. Estimate and design specifications for materials to be used with details of
execution along with schedule of works
3. Selection of materials like flooring, electrical material, lighting fixtures, false ceiling
material, laminate shades, painting colour schemes. Window coverings , Chairs
,sofas and other artifact to suite corporate interiors .
4. Technical assistance as and when required to explain details of execution, problem
solving on site.
The fees is Rs.100/- per sft. (2500 sft. gross area) Which is 2, 50,000 /-
Project management consultancy
1. All designs like plans (furniture layout , electrical layout, false ceiling layout with
lighting )
2. Estimate and design specifications for materials to be used with details of execution
along with schedule of works
3. Selection of materials like flooring , electrical material, lighting fixtures, false ceiling
material, laminate shades , painting colour schemes. window coverings , Chairs ,sofas
and other artifact to suite corporate interiors .
4. Regular supervision and monitoring of site execution and schedule of dates.
5. Coordination between teams involved in execution as well client for design decision
making and implementation of the same.
6. Ordering material and helping in purchases of material and follow up of delivery of
the same for timely execution of works
Project management consultancy
1. Ordering material and helping in purchases of material and follow up of delivery of the same for timely
execution of works
2. Organizing labor for respective works to be executed on site with proper negotiations for reasonable
/competitive prices and checking bills with measurements at the end for final payments as per work
execution.
3. Accounting of purchases/expenditure
The fees is Rs.200/- per sft.(2500 sft gross area ) Which is 5, 00,000/- OR 20 % of the project cost OR whichever is less.

Turnkey (contract)
All of the above services but as per negotiated rates of the items mentioned in the
bill of quantities enclosed in xl sheet (as a sample ) below
BOQ( Bill of quantities)-sample
BOQ( Bill of quantities)-sample
BOQ( Bill of quantities)-sample
i)contract/ tenders and tender types
s.no: types advantages Disadvantages

1 Item rate  Material +labor +transport + supervision  Need to monitor quality

tender etc.  Risk to contractor-wastage and loss of profits
 No risk to client as wastage absorbed by
vendor
 No risk to interior designer
2 Labor tender  Only labor cost  Excess procurement and wastage
 Quality of material adheres to  Delay in work due to delay in supply of
specifications material
 Waste of time for designer in purchases
along with client
3 Lump sum  Clients favorite – no risk for labor and  Very risky to contractor as costs may
tender material fluctuate as the work progresses
 Both labor / material or only labor  Creativity is least preferred due to budget
 The budget is known prior to execution. restrictions / imposed
i)contract/ tenders and tender types
s.no: types advantages Disadvantages

4 Lump sum  Both materials / labor or only labor  No clarity on total scope of work prior to
tender and  The budget is known prior to execution execution
item rate for  Any additional work/changes are charged  Allows for changes / addition which may
additional /billed separately as extra escalate the budget and result in repetition
works  Vendor reasonably paid for the work and ultimately wastage
 Additions/changes will delay the work
further and effect the deadlines
5 Cost plus  Transparency in purchasing  false bills can be produced
percentage  contract is not at risk due to no investment  purposefully escalating budget while material
tender in purchases selection for better percentage
 clients satisfaction for quality material  maintenance of accounts
purchase
6 Cost plus fixed  no risk to contractor for material and labor  fee not increased for delay / extension of
fee tender  prior knowledge of fee for execution to work
client  waste of time for designers in selection and
 client at liberty to spend on quality for purchase
better design
technical terms
s.no: terms
1 liquidated damages
2 earnest money deposit
3 security deposit
4 Arbitration
meanings
A contractor agrees and undertakes to pay to the Client 5% of the total amount
payable by the Client to the Contractor, as Liquidated Damages to the Client for
each weeks delay, beyond the aforesaid period, in handing over the completed
Works to the Client
An earnest money deposit confirms the designer/client, that a client/contractor
is serious about getting the design/work done for his premises. When the deal is
finalized, the funds are put toward by the client to the designer for design OR by
the contractor to the client as the down payment. If the deal fails through, the
client / contractor may not be able to reclaim the deposit.
An amount of 10% (ten percent) of every payment due and payable under a
contract Agreement shall be deducted by the Client at the time of making
payment during the progress of the work held as security deposit
A legal technique to resolve disputes outside court between client and vendor
which is usually arbitrated by the interior designer or architect .
And in case of a dispute between a client and a designer/architect under the
“conditions of engagement and scale of charges “ shall be referred for arbitration
to the Council of Architecture .
technical terms
s.no: terms
5 interim certificate
6 indemnification
meanings
In contracting, interim certificates provide a mechanism for the client to make
payments to the contractor before the works are complete. Interim payments can
be agreed in advance and paid at particular milestones, but they are more
commonly regular payments the value of which is based on the value of work that
has been completed (this is the actual value of the work completed, taking into
account variations etc). The amount of these payments is entered onto an interim
certificates (generally valued by the cost consultant, perhaps having taken advice
from the lead designer) and the client must honor the certificate within the period
stipulated by the contract.
If the client intends to pay a different amount from that shown on the interim
certificate, then they must give notice to the contractor of the amount they intend
to pay and the basis for its calculation
Indemnification is the part of an agreement that provides for one party to bear
the monetary costs, either directly or by reimbursement, for losses incurred by a
second party .In case of contracts ,the Contractor shall indemnify and hold
harmless the Client from and against all losses, claims, deductible amounts of any
insurance and attorneys fees and disbursements, arising out of or resulting from
personal injury, sickness, disease or death, or to injury due to Contractor’s failure
to comply with any laws, rules, regulations, orders codes, ordinances
technical terms
s.no: terms meanings

7 Virtual completion Document certified by an architect/interior designer and/or an engineer that a

certificate certain construction/interior design project has been completed in accordance
with the terms, conditions, and specifications contained in the contract.

8 NoC- no objection No Objection Certificate is a certificate obtained by the client from the ex-
certificate designer who quit in the middle of contract agreement and present it to the new
designer for completing the pending design/execution works

9 Completion certificate A completion certification is an important and mandatory legal document

attesting to the fact that a new premises has been constructed/executed and
completed according to all the safety norms and regulations and specifications
mentioned in the contract.
technical terms
s.no: terms meanings

11 FORCE MAJEURE “Force Majeure” shall mean all extraordinary events of external character, not
forcible and consequences of which may not be avoided even when acting with
due diligence, and which are beyond the parties’ control such as : fire, flood,
explosions, strikes, social unrest, war or other catastrophes, as well as acts of
public authorities which, entirely or partly, render the performance of
contracted obligations impossible. The Contractor will give immediate notice in
writing to the Client of any situation arising from “force majeure” which makes
it impracticable to carry out any of the works, and will attempt to agree with
the Client to a suitable course of action.
tender notices
Interim certificate Final completion certificate
Agreements
Client’s signature Contractor’s signature

Witnesses Witnesses
1. 1.
2. 2.
 Session -5
schedule of works
Schedule of works in a project
schedule of fees for Design consultancy
Percentage of fees stage Drawings to be released

25 % - 30 % advance As confirmation of design Basic layout/furniture layout

services
30 % interim fees Before the commencement Electrical/ lighting layout, False ceiling
of work layout,
flooring layout,
Furniture details –like wardrobe, kitchen,
t.v. unit
30 % interim fees Before painting scheme pending details , selection of paints,
selection and furnishings polishing shades, curtains, upholstery, art
selection work, pottery etc.
15 % final fees After checking bills and Pending issues if any
certification of work done
by contractors or otherwise
schedule of fees for Project management consultancy
Percentage of fees stage Drawings to be released /works to be
done
25 % - 30 % advance As confirmation of design & Basic layout/furniture layout
execution consultancy
services
30 % interim fees After the commencement Electrical/ lighting layout, False ceiling
of work and after approvals layout and electrical work start,
from client flooring layout and flooring work start,
Furniture details –like wardrobe, kitchen,
t.v. unit and furniture work start
30 % interim fees Before painting scheme Furniture work complete and site ready
selection and furnishings for painting and polishing
selection
15 % final fees After checking bills and Pending issues if any
certification of work done
by contractors or otherwise
schedule of payments for contracting/ turnkey projects
Percentage of payment Stage / percentage of work completed

30 % advance As confirmation of project , for procurement of material to commence the

work at site as per terms and conditions agreed upon by the client and
contractor .
20 % 1st interim After completion of 50 % of work at site upon certification by the designer
payment after checking the progress of work at site

20 % 2 nd interim After completion of 75 % of work at site upon certification by the designer

payment after checking the progress of work at site

20 % 3 rd interim After completion of 100 % of work at site upon certification by the designer
payment after checking the progress of work at site and completing snag list works.

10 % final fees After checking bills and verification, checking defect liabilities.
 Session 6
pert/cpm , barcharts
Pert / cpm
Program Evaluation and Review Technique /
Critical path method
Pert / cpm
Program Evaluation and Review Technique /
Critical path method
Bar charts
 Session -7
specifications
Specifications
conversions – fps to decimal and vice versa

1 feet = 12 inches For eg: Conversions:

Which Means If we calculate the area of
1’0” = 12” flooring like
1” = 0.083
1’6” = 18” 10’2”x12’8” 2” = 0.166
2’0” = 24” If we take direct value as 3” = 0.25
decimals, then,
and 10.2x12.8 =130.56
4” = 0.333
1’3” = 15”
1’9” = 21”
why To get the decimal value of
so 5” = 0.416
6” = 0.50
inches ,
Decimal conversion We have to divide each
7” = 0.583
1’0” = 1.000 feet inch by 12 inch. 8” = 0.666
2’0” = 2.000 feet 2/12 = 0.166, 8/12 = 0.666 9” = 0.75
But which means:
10” = 0.833
1’6” = 1.500 feet . 10.16 x 12.66 = 128.62 11” = 0.916
Which is lesser than 130.56 12” = 1
Specifications
Writing specifications
of Materials & works
Specifications
Writing specifications
of Materials & works
Specifications
Writing specifications of Materials & works

False Ceiling (Armstrong)

Providing & fixing in position false ceiling in Armstrong,
600 x 600 mm x 15/16 mm
Dune Supreme RH 99 Prima, tile with Tegular edge framework as
specified by Armstrong Co. with suspenders wherever required.
Making necessary framework for A.C. ducting, if any,
and necessary cutouts for diffusers and light fittings,
taping and finishing to proper line & level,
including making grooves and
trap doors for A.C unit in 18mm thick M.R. Grade Plywood with Stainless
Steel hinges &locks with moulding 1” x 1” for edges including finishing
with White Plastic Emulsion Paint etc. complete in all respects.
 Specifications
Writing specifications of Materials & works
What are we providing
Item of work
False Ceiling (Armstrong)
What make/which company
What are we doing Providing & fixing in position false ceiling in Armstrong,
600 x 600 mm x 15/16 mm
Which variety
Dune Supreme RH 99 Prima, tile with Tegular edge framework as
What size
specified by Armstrong Co. with suspenders wherever required.
Making necessary framework for A.C. ducting, if any, How to fix/required support

and necessary cutouts for diffusers and light fittings,

Additional Provisions
taping and finishing to proper line & level,
Provision for what
including making grooves and
Required finish
trap doors for A.C unit in 18mm thick M.R. Grade Plywood with Stainless
Steel hinges &locks with moulding 1” x 1” for edges including finishing
with White Plastic Emulsion Paint etc. complete in all respects.
Specifications
Other samples
 Session 8
estimations
Estimations
Estimating is a tool for planning and controlling the activity of any project with respect to
quality, finance and time. Estimation of a project is a forecast of its probable cost.

Types of estimate
Stage wise estimate % of accuracy Purpose of estimate

Approximate/ 25 to 75 % Estimate obtained at the initiation phase of a project

order of magnitude as a whole without details & specifications
estimate
Abstract/ 10 to 25 % Estimate derived during the planning phase for the
budget estimate whole project

Detailed / 5 to 10 % Estimate derived at the start of each project stage

definitive estimate for that stage

Accurate/ 0 to 5 % Estimate derived for each item on the list of works in

cost estimate a project to help detailed estimate
Estimations: TYPES OF ESTIMATIONS
An Approximate/ Order-of-Magnitude estimate is prepared when little or no design information is
available for the project. It is called order of magnitude because that may be all that can be
determined at an early stage. Various techniques are employed for these estimates, including
experience and judgment, historical values and charts, rules of thumb, and simple mathematical
calculations.
An abstract / budget estimate is prepared at the planning phase from conceptual plans and areas of
the list of items obtained from the plan .The plan/s fulfill the basic scope of work (SOW). with out
much details and specifications. This help to some extent as to arrive close to the budget allocation
but is subject to change as there would be changes in the plan/s
A detailed / definitive estimate is prepared from completed designed plans and details and
specifications, preferably what are called contract documents (CD). The contract documents also
establish the Scope of Work (SOW). The standard method is to review and understand the design
package in detail and itemize with measured quantities
An accurate/ cost estimate is the actual cost analysis done to arrive at precise/accurate cost of the
product or item to add up to the overall detailed estimate of the project. The cost estimate is the
product of the cost estimating process. The cost estimate has a single total value and may have
identifiable component values. A problem with a cost overrun can be avoided with a credible, reliable,
and accurate cost estimate.
accuracy
High

Accurate
estimate
Detailed
estimate
Abstract
estimate

Approximate
accuracy

estimate
Low

perception fact
Approximate/
Order-of-Magnitude estimate

Various techniques are

employed for these estimates,
including experience and
judgment, historical values and
charts, rules of thumb, and
simple mathematical
calculations.
Abstract /
budget estimate

prepared at the planning

phase from conceptual
plans and areas of the list
of items obtained from the
plan .
Detailed / definitive estimate
Detailed / definitive estimate
Detailed / definitive estimate
Accurate / cost estimate

The components of a
cost estimate/costing
are:

1.Material
2.Labour
3.Wastage
4.Transportation
5.Profit
6.taxes
 Sessions 9-13
estimations of items
Estimations – rate/cost analysis- Estimate of residential project
False ceiling- gypsum
Estimations
Flooring – tiles
Estimations
Flooring – tiles
Estimations
Estimations
Finishes – painting
Estimations
Finishes – polishing
Estimations
Furnishings – curtains
Estimations
Furnishings – curtains
 Session -14
types of offices
Basic requirements for setting up an office
Office space About 400 sft - 1000 sft In a decent area , with parking facility and easily accessible
from main roads or landmarks

Staff As per functionalities of Receptionist, designers, draughtsmen, site supervisor,

office accountant, office assistants.

Equipment/ As per requirement Telephone-landline, photo copying / colour printer/telefax

stationery machine, desktop computer.

Books, magazines, old project files for reference, handbooks and

manuals.

Drawing sheets, design papers, letter heads, envelopes, visiting

cards, brochures, catalogues , receipt books, quotation
forms/sheets, measurement forms, presentation files/folders,
meeting pads, attendance registers, accounts registers.
Office staff and their functions
Receptionist To receive calls and guests and intimate the designer and fix appointments

Designers- senior / junior To design and make drawings as per brief given by the client to the designer and
make necessary bill of quantities to invite tenders from vendors.

Draughtsman To make necessary drawings upon the instructions given by the designer to be issued
to the client or contractor for easy execution of interior work.

Site supervisor To take measurements of site, check the progress of work at site, monitor schedules,
to keep a track of inventory, to keep bills/vouchers/challans of the site work.

Accountant To maintain accounts of expenses, salaries, taxes of employees incurred to the

firm/company. To maintain bank records and to update the same to the
management/owners of the establishment in the form of monthly/early statements.

Office assistants To facilitate the required assistance like sending posts/courier to clients and vendors,
procuring office stationary, organizing food for staff as per requirement, to do bank
related works as required.
Office boys To make arrangements for refreshments for staff and guests, to keep the office
premises clean.
 Staff/ organizational structure

Chief
designer/MD

Procureme
Marketing Sr. Project HR
nt Account
manager designer manager manager
manager

Site Site
Mktg exe. - Mktg. exe. Junior Junior
supervisor supervisor Admin Receptionist
1 –2 designer 1 designer 2
-1 -2

Draughtsm Draughtsm Office

Office boy
an 1 an 2 assistant
Responsibities of interior designer (works involved)
Client related Attending the meeting with clients for design brief, decision making at site, selection
and purchasing of materials, exploring ideas/places to incorporate into the design of
project, help the client with budgeting/estimations.
Contractor related Issuing drawings related to work , instructing for details of work and schedules,
checking for estimates/quotes and clearing interim bills upon checking work at site,
certifying completion upon checking the quality of finish and durability of the finished
goods.
Society/association Making correspondence with the societies to get updated / latest trends in the market
and new designers in the fraternity

Vendor related Making tender documents, negotiating for rates for the interior works, releasing
drawing for execution of works, releasing payments as per work progress.

Government related Maintaining bills of purchases and expenses incurred in running the office
establishment and filing required taxes to the income tax department without fail.

Staff related Delegating adequate work to the employers, checking their ability to perform,
weekly/monthly assessment of performance, paying salaries and incentives based on
performance, providing congenial atmosphere for the employees to work – stress free
and politics free.
Types of offices for employment
type description Size of office Office bearers Area required

Small firm Deal with only design 3-4 employees Designer, site supervisor, assistant, office 300 sft -500 sft
consultancy boy

Large firm/ Deals with design and 5-10 employees Designers, draughtsmans, receptionist, site 500 sft – 1200 sft
company contracts supervisors, accountant, office assistant,
office boys

Pvt.ltd. Deals with design and 15 – 100 + Designers, engineers, draughtsmans, 2000 sft - 15000
company contracts with adequate employees (with receptionist, site supervisors, accountants, sft
turnover as per provident fund) human resource, marketing, operations
Companies Act. managers, office assistants, office boys
Other Types of offices for employment
type description Size of office Office bearers Area required

Furniture Deal with sale of 4-12 employees Owner, Designer, marketing persons, sales 2000 sft -
showrooms furniture , takes orders persons, receptionist, office boys 20000sft
for making also
Kitchen Deals with design and 5-10 employees Designers, draughtsmans, receptionist, site 500 sft – 1200 sft
showrooms contract orders supervisors, accountant, office assistant,
office boys

Home depot Deals with display of all 50 – 300 + Designers, site supervisors, accountants, 30000 sft -
building materials, employees (with human resource, marketing, operations 100000 sft
services, equipment, provident fund) managers, store managers, billing, office
gadgets, tools, assistants, office boys, delivery section,
security and valet parking
Employment process in offices
Interview
Mainly there will be two rounds of interview:
Technical interview : test of knowledge
HR interview : remuneration negotiations
In some company’s IQ tests and group discussions are also conducted by HR

Appointment Upon assessment from interview and negotiations , an appointment letter is issued to the
employee with the details of salary, perks, facilities and terms and conditions of the company
and date of joining .
Joining The employee is issued with joining letter by the company as and when the employee joins the
company as mentioned in appointment letter. This is issued as there may be chances that the
employee may not turn up even after issue of employment letter.
Probation period This is period of assessment of employees performance and compatibility to the company. This
is mostly 6 months or as mentioned in appointment letter. After the lapse of this period , either
the employee continues in the company or may be asked to discontinue.
Training Most of the companies, train their employees on various issues as per their requirement .this
training may take 1week to 1 month or more depending on expertise required.

Termination Termination of an employee is totally the prerogative of the employer . The employee needs to
be given a months notice in general but in adverse cases of discipline , unforeseen , the
employer may terminate with out notice.
Preparation for Interview

resume Educational details : qualifications

Professional details : courses completed, expertise in the field
Personal details : fathers name , address and contact details
Achievements: projects dealt details, experience in previous offices if any

Portfolio The portfolio must contain the following :

Drawings done by the candidate
Photographs of projects done if any

Presentation Presentation may include:

Executive dress code
Good demeanor
Proper greetings
Controlled emotions
Well behaved
Expressive/communicative
Articulation
minutes of meetings
filing of records
Whatever ever documents are made in the office , there should be copies(atleast 2 ) of the original .
The original should be sent to the concerned client/vendor/staff.
One duplicate should be filed in the categorical file and another copy should be filed in general file.
This is for easy retrieval in case of emergency, in case of loss of document , in case of absence of concerned staff.
Today in the era of mailing and net , one should store the scanned copies .
Following are the different types of documents that need filing:
Outward correspondence

Types of files
Outward correspondence for Outward delivery notes Outward receipts
letters
Inward correspondence for Inward delivery notes Inward receipts
letters
Outward bills Outward estimates/quotations Payment vouchers

Inward bills Inward estimates/quotations General- mail orders,misc.

Accounts keeping
A very successful professional/business always requires a very good account keeping.
Why to keep accounts:
 To track the expenses & receipts, credits & debits, profit & loss.
 To evaluate the flow of cash, inwards and outwards.
 To analyze the business growth – losing or making profits
 To be responsible for expenditure/ procurement of materials required for office/project
 To genuinely invest on human resources and expansion plans.
 To fulfill commitments of prompt payments of taxes to government.
 To reduce risk of loss/theft of money within the organization.

How to keep accounts:

 Initially , for a beginner company, the accounts are maintained by the head/owner ,in books or
system keeping records of receipts and payments . Some amount is given to staff for expenses
which is known as petty cash.
 As the company grows , an accountant is hired on weekly/monthly basis depending on the
magnitude of the works , and yearly Income tax returns are filed.
 As the company becomes a pvt.ltd. Company due to its turnover , a chartered accountant’s
services are sought for smooth running of office.
Accounts keeping
What to keep accounts:
Regular expenses Irregular expenses Sundry expenses
Rental expense Postal/courier charges Unforeseen expenses
Staff salaries Office stationary Lunch with client
Electricity bills Drawing materials Services sought outside the
regular vendor
Telephone bills Transport/ travelling charges
House keeping bills Photocopying etc. charges
Refreshment /entertainment Loan – emi
bills
License/registration fees
Newspapers/ magazines
Membership fees – IIID etc.
Club membership
Professional tax, income tax
Tax consultants fees
Accounts maintenance
Few tips for better account keeping:

 All the expenses ,particularly payments have to filed in

payment files with the vouchers signed
 All payments have to be by cheques or vouchers
 For all purchases or works done , bills have to produced /
made immediately.
 For any payment from client, a signed receipt needs to be
sent to the client immediately.
 All cash/cheque transactions should be entered into a
general ledger, headwise to be checked by chartered
accountant later.
 Two photo copies to be made for all outward going files and
bills.
 Investments like in LIC is recommended for tax reduction in
income tax returns.
 While paying staff salaries, enquire with the tax consultant
about any tax to be deducted as “TDS”- tax deductible at
source.
Bills Work order
Forms
Vouchers & receipts
Forms

Measurement sheet
For billing for carpentry,
Painting etc.
Example of
bill for
carpentry
 Session -15 &16
revision and question
papers