CHAPTER 1

An Overview of Financial
Management
 Career Opportunities
 Issues of the New Millennium
 Forms of Businesses
 Goals of the Corporation
 Agency Relationships
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Career Opportunities in
Finance
 Money and capital markets
 Investments
 Financial management

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Responsibility of the Financial
Staff
 Maximize stock value by:
 Forecasting and planning
 Investment and financing decisions
 Coordination and control
 Transactions in the financial markets
 Managing risk

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 Role of Finance in a Typical
Business Organization
n Board of Directors

n President

n VP: Sales n VP: Finance n VP: Operations

n Treasurer n Controller

n Credit Manager n Cost Accounting

n Inventory Manager n Financial Accounting

n Capital Budgeting Director n Tax Department

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Financial Management Issues
of the New Millennium
 The effect of
changing
technology
 The globalization
of business

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Alternative Forms of Business
Organization
 Sole proprietorship
 Partnership
 Corporation

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Sole proprietorships &
Partnerships
 Advantages
 Ease of formation
 Subject to few regulations
 No corporate income taxes
 Disadvantages
 Difficult to raise capital
 Unlimited liability
 Limited life

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Corporation
 Advantages
 Unlimited life
 Easy transfer of ownership
 Limited liability
 Ease of raising capital
 Disadvantages
 Double taxation
 Cost of set-up and report filing

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S corporation
 A special designation that allows small
businesses that meet qualification to be
taxes as if they were a proprietorship or
a partnership rather than a coporation.

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Limited Liability company
 A relatively new type of organization
that is a hybrid between a partnership
and a corporation.

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Limited Liability Partnership
 Similar to an LLC but used for
professional firms in the field of
accounting, law, and architecture. It has
limited liability like corporations but is
taxed like partnership.

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Financial Goals of the Corporation
 The primary financial goal is
shareholder wealth maximization,
which translates to maximizing stock
price.
 Do firms have any responsibilities to
society at large?
 Is stock price maximization good or bad
for society?
 Should firms behave ethically?
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Is stock price maximization the
same as profit maximization?
 No, despite a generally high correlation
amongst stock price, EPS, and cash flow.
 Current stock price relies upon current
earnings, as well as future earnings and
cash flow.
 Some actions may cause an increase in
earnings, yet cause the stock price to
decrease (and vice versa).

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Agency relationships
 An agency relationship exists whenever
a principal hires an agent to act on their
behalf.
 Within a corporation, agency
relationships exist between:
 Shareholders and managers
 Shareholders and creditors
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Shareholders versus Managers
 Managers are naturally inclined to act in
their own best interests.
 But the following factors affect
managerial behavior:
 Managerial compensation plans
 Direct intervention by shareholders
 The threat of firing
 The threat of takeover

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Factors that affect stock price
 Projected cash flows
to shareholders
 Timing of the cash
flow stream
 Riskiness of the cash
flows

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Factors that Affect the Level
and Riskiness of Cash Flows
 Decisions made by financial managers:
 Investment decisions
 Financing decisions (the relative use of
debt financing)
 Dividend policy decisions
 The external environment

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