LAB # 

THE COMPLETELY 
RANDOMIZED 
DESIGN (CRD)
DEFINITION
Achieved when the samples of 
experimental units for each 
treatment are random and 
independent of each other
Design is used to compare the 
:treatment means
H 0 : m1 = m 2 = ...m k
H a : At least two of the treatment means differ
The hypotheses are tested by  •
comparing the differences
.between the treatment means

Test statistic is calculated  •
using measures of variability 
within treatment groups and 
measures of variability 
between treatment groups
 STEPS FOR CONDUCTING AN ANALYSIS OF 
VARIANCE (ANOVA) FOR A COMPLETELY 
:RANDOMIZED DESIGN

Assure randomness of design, and - 1 •
independence, randomness of samples

Check normality, equal variance - 2 •
assumptions

Create ANOVA summary table- 3 •

Conduct multiple comparisons for pairs - 4 •
of means as necessary/desired
ASSUMPTIONS
: Normality- 1
You can check on normality using
plot- 1
Kolmogorve test- 2

:Constant variance- 2
You can check on homogeneity of variances using
Plot- 1
.leven’s test- 2
ONE  WAY ANOVA
MULTIPLE COMPARISONS OF 
MEANS
A significant F­test in an ANOVA •
tells you that the treatment means 
.as a group are statistically different
Does not tell you which pairs of •
means differ statistically from each 
other
With k treatment means, there are c •
different pairs of means that can be 
compared, with c calculated as c = k ( k - 1)
2
MULTIPLE COMPARISONS 
OF MEANS
EXAMPLE 1
A manufacturer of television sets is interested in 
the effect on tube conductivity of four different 
types of coating for color picture tubes. The
.following conductivity data are obtained 

Conductivity
Coating
1 146 150 141 143

2 143 137 149 152

3 127 132 136 134

4 129 132 127 129

SOLUTION
:Enter data in spss as follows 
ANALYSIS
Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

conductiivity .133 16 .200* .928 16 .230

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

conductiivity

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

2.370 3 12 .122
ONE WAY ANOVA

ANOVA

conductiivity

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups
844.688 3 281.562 14.302 .000

Within Groups
236.250 12 19.688

Total
1080.938 15
 Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable:conductiivity

95% Confidence Interval

Mean Difference (I-
(I) coating (J) coating J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound

Tukey HSD 1 2 -.250- 3.137 1.000 -9.56- 9.06

3 12.750* 3.137 .007 3.44 22.06

4 15.750* 3.137 .001 6.44 25.06

2 1 .250 3.137 1.000 -9.06- 9.56

3 13.000* 3.137 .006 3.69 22.31

4 16.000* 3.137 .001 6.69 25.31

3 1 -12.750* 3.137 .007 -22.06- -3.44-

2 -13.000* 3.137 .006 -22.31- -3.69-

4 3.000 3.137 .776 -6.31- 12.31

4 1 -15.750* 3.137 .001 -25.06- -6.44-

2 -16.000* 3.137 .001 -25.31- -6.69-

3 -3.000- 3.137 .776 -12.31- 6.31

LSD 1 2
-.250- 3.137 .938 -7.09- 6.59

3
12.750* 3.137 .002 5.91 19.59

4
15.750* 3.137 .000 8.91 22.59

2 1
.250 3.137 .938 -6.59- 7.09

3
13.000* 3.137 .001 6.16 19.84

4
16.000* 3.137 .000 9.16 22.84

3 1
-12.750* 3.137 .002 -19.59- -5.91-

2
-13.000* 3.137 .001 -19.84- -6.16-

4
3.000 3.137 .358 -3.84- 9.84

4 1
-15.750* 3.137 .000 -22.59- -8.91-

2
-16.000* 3.137 .000 -22.84- -9.16-

3
-3.000- 3.137 .358 -9.84- 3.84
Thanks for all