Introduction to Project

Management
References:
• Meredith, J.R., Mantel, S.J., Project Management: A managerial Approach, John
Weley & Sons, Inc. 2009
• Bahagia, S.N., Project Organization, Lecture Material, Industrial Engineering and
Management, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB)
Definition of Project

• Sekumpulan aktivitas yang ditujukan untuk mencapai kinerja tertentu

dalam batasan waktu dan resources yang tersedia
• A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or
service
Definition of Project
• Must make a distinction between terms:
• Program - an exceptionally large, long-range objective that is broken down
into a set of projects
• Task - set of activities comprising a project
• Work Packages - division of tasks
• Work Units - division of work packages

• In the broadest sense, a project is a specific, finite task to be

accomplished
Definition of project management
• Manajemen Proyek: Bagaimana mendayagunakan resources yang
tersedia agar dapat dicapai kinerja proyek yang telah ditetapkan
dalam batasan waktu tertentu
Driving Force of Project Management
• Project management has emerged because the characteristics of our
contemporary society demand the development of new methods of
management
• Many forces have fostered the emergence and expansion of Project
Management
• 3 Paramount Forces driving Project Management:
• 1. The exponential expansion of human knowledge
• 2. The growing demand for a broad range of complex, sophisticated, customized goods and
services
• 3. The evolution of worldwide competitive markets for the production and consumption of goods
and services
• All 3 forces combine to mandate the use of teams to solve problems that
used to be solvable by individuals
Three Project Objectives

B : Biaya
M : Mutu
W : Waktu
Characteristics of a Project
• Have a purpose
• Have a life cycle
• Interdependencies
• Uniqueness
• Conflict
Project Life Cycle

Feasibility

Operation
and Engineering
Maintenance

Construction Procurement
Project Life Cycle
• Stages of a
Conventional Project:
• Slow beginning
• Buildup of size
• Peak
• Begin a decline
• Termination
Risk During the Life Cycle
• Uncertainty decreases as the project moves toward completion

Estimate of project cost: Estimates of project cost: estimates

estimate made at project start. made at time t0, t1, and t2.
Management Process

Planning

Controlling Organizing

Actuating
Multidimensionality of Project Management

Planning

Risk Mgt Scheduling

Project Project
Management
Organizing
design

Resource
Contract Mgt
Mgt

Performance
Control
Basic Concept of Planning
Description of activities to achieve the setting objective

Objectives

Activity A Activity B Activity N

Objective
• What is to be achieved and when results are to be accomplished, but
they do not state how the results are to be achieved
• Objective
• Realistic
• Measurable
• Time frame
• Challenging
Output of Planning
Activity Schedule Budget PIC
A 500.000 X
B 100.000
C 700.000
D 250.000 Y
. .
. .
N 300.000 Z
Organizing
• The vehicle used to achieve the setting objectives
• Tools
• Structure
• Job Description
• SOP
Dimension of Organization Design
Configuration
(Number of Level) Mechanisms of Vertical
Integration
1 1 - Centralization
- Formalization

2 2A 2B 2C 2D 2C
Horizontal Complexity Vertical Complexity
(Differentiation) (Differentiation)

3 3A 3B 3C
Configuration
Span of Control
(Horizontal Integration)
Job Description
• Function
• Responsibility
• Task
• Qualification
SOP
• Mechanism of interaction among jobs
• Reflect authority and decision rule
• Guideance for action
Controlling

Yes

Planning Actuating Evaluation

No

Feedback
 S-Curve
Budget
Activities Schedule (Juta RP)
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
A 5 5 10
B 20 20
C 9 9 18
D 6 6 12
E 25 25
F 15 15
Rp Penyerapan 5 5 29 9 6 6 25 15
% Penyerapan 5 5 29 9 6 6 25 15
5 10 39 48 54 60 85 100