STUDY LITERATURE : The Effect of pH, Contact Time, and

Adsorbent Dose On Effectiveness of Chitosan & Activated

Carbon for Reducing Heavy Metals, Lead (Pb) in Industrial
Waste Water Treatment Process Using Adsorption Method.

Member of Group :
• Heru Sujatmoko 0303 1381821 005
• M. Firdaus Kusuma P 0303 1381821 018
• Raden Ayu Wilda A 0303 1381821 009
• Sagita Dwi Intansari 0303 1381821 019
• Serly Anggraini 0303 1381821 007
OUTLINE 2

INTRODUCTION

MATERIAL & METHOD

RESULT & DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION 3

Indonesia is a promising industry country in

Southeast Asia, with the number of industries
almost reaching 30.000 (BPS).
WHAT ABOUT THE WASTE ? 4

Waste : 65.200.000 ton / year (BPS LH, 2018)

WHAT ABOUT 5

THE WASTE ?
WHAT ABOUT 6

THE WASTE ?
 7

“Industrial waste water is a source of water pollution that

need to be controlled. At high concentrations, industrial
waste water will cause bacteriological contamination and
environmental pollution. Most industrial waste water
contains heavy metals that are harmful to the environment
because it’s toxicity”
 8

1. Chromium (Cr)
2. Nickel (Ni)
3. Iron (Fe)
INDUSTRIAL WASTE 4.
5.
Manganese (Mn)
Znc (Zn)
HEAVY METALS 6. Cooper (Cu)
7. Plumbum (Pb)
8. Arsen (As)
9. etc

heavy metal can cause health effects for human. The toxicity of heavy metals will work as an
en enzyme’s working barrier, causing the body’s metabolism to break. Waste water
containing heavy metals has become a topic and environmental issues which has attracted
the attention of many people, considering the impact and causes environmental issues and
pollution.
 LEAD / PLUMBUM / PB 9

Lead also used in paint industries and manufacturing of electrical accumulators. Lead is
cumulative poison, it cause severe malfunctioning digestive tract, general weakness and
malaise.
 TREATMENT OF 10

WASTE WATER CONTAINING PB

ADSORPTION
 ADSORPTION 11

Adsorption is a phase transfer process that is widely used in practice to

remove substances from fluid phases (gases or liquid)

Molecules or ions (solutes) are removed from the aqueous solution by adsorption onto solid
surfaces. There are several types of adsorbents which are often used for the adsorption method
such as, activated carbon, zeolite, and chitosan are among them.
 ACTIVATED CARBON, CHITOSAN, ZEOLITE 12

Activated carbon has recently being used as an adsorbent due to its capacity for
adsorption from the gas and liquid phases. The high applicability of activated carbon is
related to its high porosity, rapid adsorption and thermal stability

Natural zeolite has good ion exchange properties. Natural zeolite needs to be
activated chemically and physically, so the absorption energy will be more maximal
than zeolite which has not been activated

Chitosan has the potential to adsorb significant amounts of metal ions, and this has
generated a large amount of interest in assessing its feasibility to remove metal ions
over a wide range of effluent systems and types.
MATERIAL & METHOD 13
 14

RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Result and Discussion
Effect of pH
Effect of ph

pH or acidity has an effect on the percentage of adsorption of H+ ions.

The initial pH of solution have a role for giving surface charge of an
adsorbent

16
Table .1 Effect Of Solution pH on Pb2+ Removal
by Activated Carbon

In Table 1. The removal Pb2+ using activated

carbon in pH 6 is 99% (Alslaibi, 2014) and 46
mg/g (Milan, 2011). From Table 1, Milan's
research shows that the increasing pH also
increases qe until pH 9 and then constant with
qe 50 mg/g at pH 10.
Table 2.Effect Of Solution pH on Pb2+ Removal
by Zeolite

Table 2 shows that the adsorption process

takes place better at pH greater than 6. In the
pH more than 7, % removal of Pb respectively
99.6% (Peng Xing, 2018) and 90%
(Merrikhpour, 2012).
Table .3 Effect Of Solution pH on Pb2+ Removal

In Table 3. Using chitosan as an adsorbent, pH

6 is the optimum pH of the adsorption process
because in pH greater than 7, %removal of Pb
decreases
the adsorption process takes place well at Ph
4-6. The percentages of Pb2 + removal
increases with increasing Ph. In the pH range
of 4> 6, Pb ions are considered to have a
higher affinity because they can bind the
active group of adsorbents so that there is an
increase in the number of adsorbed ions
Result and Discussion
Effect of Contact Time
EFFECT OF CONTACT TIME 21
 CONTACT TIME 22

The results clearly revealed that the percent reduction of Pb are lower in the beginning
due to short contact time or agitation time and attained equilibrium in average time 60
min. the removal efficiency with 60 min of contact time were obtained, 99.81% (Ratih
Pratiwi, 2018), 92% (Soheil, 20142014) for removal Pb using chitosan and 99.6% (Peng Xing,
) for removal Pb using Zeolite. Study from karnib (2014) showed, adsorption with 20 minutes
of contact time results the percent reduction of heavy metals Pb produce only up to 86%.
While, the others study showed that with 60 min of contact time can produce up to 99% of
percent removal or reduction of heavy metals Pb.
 CONTACT TIME – WHY ? 23

It is clear that the removal of heavy metal increased with increase in agitation time or
contact time. This is due to the adsorption of heavy metals into the pore cavity of each
adsorbent. Therefore, the more longer the contact time there will be a deposit of heavy
metal compounds into the pore until saturated occurs. The time when the adsorbent has
lost its ability to adsorb, called saturated time. So, when the contact time reach its
equilibrium can also be interpreted, the adsorbent has reach its saturated time because
adsorbent lost its ability to adsorb more compounds
Result and Discussion
Effect of Adsorbent Dosage
 Table 4. Effect Of Adsorbent Dosage on Pb2+ Removal by Zeolite

Literatur %Removal Adsorbent Dosage

50 1 g/L
80 2 g/L
Peng Xing 95 2,5 g/L
94 5 g/L
94 7,5 g/L
78 0,05 g
88 0,1 g
Merrikhpour 100 0,15 g
100 0,2 g

STUDY LITERATURE : The Effect of pH, Contact Time, and Adsorbent Dose On Effectiveness of Chitosan & Activated Carbon for Reducing Heavy Metals, Lead Slide 25
(Pb) in Industrial Waste Water Treatment Process Using Adsorption Method.
 Table 5. Effect Of Adsorbent Dosage on Pb2+ Removal by Chitosan

Literatur %Removal Adsorbent Dosage

40 2g
45 3g
Soheil 50 4g
58 5g
94 6g
45 2 mg
80 4 mg
83 6 mg
90 8 mg
Di Wu 98 10 mg
95 12 mg
96 14 mg
98 16 mg

STUDY LITERATURE : The Effect of pH, Contact Time, and Adsorbent Dose On Effectiveness of Chitosan & Activated Carbon for Reducing Heavy Metals, Lead Slide 26
(Pb) in Industrial Waste Water Treatment Process Using Adsorption Method.
 Table 6. Effect Of Adsorbent Dosage on Pb2+ Removal by Activated Carbon

Literatur %Removal Adsorbent Dosage

40 0,025 g
70 0,05 g
93 0,1 g
Alslaibi 98 0,15 g
>98 0,2 g
>98 0,25 g
>99 0,3 g
25 0,5 mg/L
35 1 mg/L
Milan 40 1,5 mg/L
43 2,0 mg/L
45 2,5 mg/L

STUDY LITERATURE : The Effect of pH, Contact Time, and Adsorbent Dose On Effectiveness of Chitosan & Activated Carbon for Reducing Heavy Metals, Lead Slide 27
(Pb) in Industrial Waste Water Treatment Process Using Adsorption Method.
 Result and Discussion
Effect of Adsorbent Dosage

• Effect Of Adsorbent Dosage on Pb2+ Removal by
Zeolite
• Based on table 4 in the study (Peng Xing, 2018) and
(Merrikhpour, 2012) shows that the use of zeolite
%removal which occurs increases with increasing
dose of adsorbent given. In the study (Peng Xing,
2018) the highest %removal occurred when the
addition of 2.5 g/L adsorbent by 95% then
decreased when the addition of 5 g/L and so on,
while in the study (Merrikhpour, 2012) the highest
%removal occurred when adding the 0.15 g
adsorbent at 100% is then constant in the addition
of the next adsorbent.
• Effect Of Adsorbent Dosage on Pb2+ Removal by
Chitosan
• The effect of Zeolite adsorbent on the %removal of
the adsorption process is seen in table 5. The
highest research (Soheil, 2014) occurred on the
addition of the last adsorbent of 6 g, whereas in the
study (Di Wu, 2018) the effect of the adsorbent dose
on %removal was fluctuating after addition of 10
mg with %removal 98% which is then 95%, 96%,
98% respectively

STUDY LITERATURE : The Effect of pH, Contact Time, and Adsorbent Dose On Effectiveness of Chitosan & Activated Carbon for Reducing Heavy Metals, Lead
Slide 28
(Pb) in Industrial Waste Water Treatment Process Using Adsorption Method.
 Result and Discussion
Effect of Adsorbent Dosage

• Effect Of Adsorbent Dosage on Pb2+ Removal by Activated Carbon

• In Table 6 shows that the effect of Active Carbon adsorbent dose on %removal has increased with
increasing doses given, can be seen in the study (Alslaibi, 2014) when the addition of 0.3 g the %removal
value has a peak point of >99%, while in the study (Milan, 2011) the optimum %removal of 45% occurred
at the addition of a dose of 2.5 mg/L.

• Conclusion

• From the three tables presented, it can be concluded that %removal has increased with increasing adsorbent dosage given.
This is the number of available adsorption sites that increased through the increase in adsorbent doses. The primary factor
explaining the decreases in units of adsorbed units is to increase the adsorbent dose. However, it is different in the research
that occurred at (Di Wu, 2018) where% removal has increased fluctuatively as the adsorbent increases given because the
adsorbent has experienced a saturation point in the process.

STUDY LITERATURE : The Effect of pH, Contact Time, and Adsorbent Dose On Effectiveness of Chitosan & Activated Carbon for Reducing Heavy Metals, Lead Slide 29
(Pb) in Industrial Waste Water Treatment Process Using Adsorption Method.
 CONCLUSION

• Adsorption is one of the effective waste water treatment and very suitable to treat wastes water containing heavy
metals such as Lead (Pb). In adsorption process, an appropriate adsorbent is needed to eliminate heavy metals
that want to be removed, including using activated carbon, chitosan, and zeolite as an adsorbents. Among the
three adsorbents, activated carbon with a dose of 0.3 grams and chitosan 16 mg was the most effective
adsorbent in reducing heavy metals Pb with percent removal more than 99%. Both adsorbent work well at an
acidic pH (around 4 - 6) with 60 minutes of contact time between the adsorbent and the solution.

Slide 30
 “ Minum yakult di warung cak heru,
eh taunya ada mba sherli, 31

sekian dulu,
dan terimakasii! ”
M. Firdaus K.P

Heru Sujatmoko

RA. Wilda Anggraini

Sagita Dwi
Intansari
Serly Anggraini
 ANY
QUESTION?