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Karakteristik
Mesin sinkron
6.1
atau
6.2
6.4
• Tegangan eksitasi sebanding dengan kecepatan mesin
dan fluksi eksitasi dan juga tergantung pada arus
eksitasi If yang hubungannya seperti yang ditunjukkan
pada gambar 6.5
• Tegangan terinduksi ada pada saat If = 0 karena ada
magnet remanensi
• Awalnya tegangan naik secara linier
seiring dengan kenaikan arus medan,
tetapi pada nilai tertentu fluksi medan Φf
tidak bisa naik secara linier karena
rangkaian magnet jenuh sehingga Ef
berhenti dinilai tersebut
• Bila belitan stator dihubungkan dengan beban 3-fasa,
maka akan mengalir arus stator Ia . Frekuensi arus
stator Ia sama dengan tegangan eksitasi Ef .
• Arus stator Ia mengalir pada belitan akan
menghasilkan medan putar dalam celah udara. Akan
menghasilkan fluksi gabungan yang dihasilkan arus
stator dan arus rotor If .
• Resultante kedua fluksi tersebut dikenal sebagai
fluksi reaksi jangkar :
Фr = Фf + Фa = resultan fluks celah udara, dengan
asumsi tidak saturasi
• Diagram fasor ruang dari fluksi-fluksi tersebut
ditunjukkan pada gambar 6.6.
If – amperemeter DC
Vt – voltmeter AC
Short-circuit test
• Adjust the field current to zero and short-circuit the
terminals of the generator through a set of ammeters.
• Record the armature current Isc as the field current is
increased.
• Such a plot is called short-circuit characteristic.
If
+ A
Vdc A
Isc
DC Test
– The purpose of the DC test is to determine Ra. A variable DC
voltage source is connected between two stator terminals.
– The DC source is adjusted to provide approximately rated stator
current, and the resistance between the two stator leads is
determined from the voltmeter and ammeter readings
VDC
then RDC
I DC
If the stator is Y-connected, the per phase stator resistance
is R
Ra DC
2
• For a particular field current IfA, the internal voltage Ef (=VA) could
be found from the occ and the short-circuit current flow Isc,A could
be found from the scc.
• Then the synchronous reactance Xs could be obtained using
Air-gap line
Ef or Vt (V)
At V = Vrated, OCC
Isc (A)
Vrated
Vrated Ef
SCC
VA
Isc,B
Xs, sat Z 2
s, sat R 2
a
Isc, A
If (A)
IfA IfB
Short-circuit Ratio (SCR)
Another parameter used to describe synchronous generators is the
short-circuit ratio (SCR). The SCR of a generator defined as the
ratio of the field current required for the rated voltage at open
circuit to the field current required for the rated armature current
at short circuit. SCR is just the reciprocal of the per unit value of
the saturated synchronous reactance calculated by
j1.02 0.2
+
Ia
+
Ef Vt
Problem
A 480-V, 60-Hz, Y-Connected synchronous generator, having
the synchronous reactance of 1.04 ohm and negligible
armature resistance, is operating alone. The terminal voltage
at rated field current at open circuit condition is 480V.
Perubahan Tegangan
out put (V)
Perubahan
beban listrik
Perubahan
Frekuensi (f)
Arus beban berubah, maka
tegangan output juga berubah
Ia
V = ....??
Tegangan output :
V E Ia (Ra j Xs )
E C n Kon tan
Ia arus beban / arus jangkar
Arus beban berubah, maka
frekuensi juga berubah
Perubahan Frekuensi : pn
fe
60
Mengapa putaran (n) berubah ?
Ia
2 n
d
Tp Tg J. n putaran rotor
dt
Tp - Torsi mesin penggerak mekanik (diesel)
Tg - Torsi lawan generator sinkron
J - Momen inersia
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