Bone and Skeletal Tissues

Chapter 6
 Objectives
• Describe general characteristics of three types
of cartilage tissue.
• State function and location of each of three
types of cartilage.
• List and describe functions of bones
• Describe the gross anatomy of a typical long
bone.
• Describe the histology of compact and spongy
bone
• Discuss the chemical composition of bone
 Hyaline cartilage

• Most abundant skeletal cartilage

• Looks like frosted glass when freshly exposed
• Provide support and flexibility
• Chondrocytes appear spherical under the
microscope
• Fiber in matrix is collagen
• Found at ends of long bones at movable joints,
costal cartilage connecting ribs to sternum,
found in larynx, nasal cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
 Elastic cartilage
• Elastic cartilage
• Looks a lot like hyaline but contains elastic
fibers
• Found in external ear and epiglottis
• Can withstand repeated bending
Elastic cartilage
 Fibrocartilage

• Intermediate between hyaline and elastic

• Consists of parallel rows of chondrocytes
and thich collagen
• Have great tensile strength
• Found at knee and discs between
vertebrae
Fibrocartilage
 Complete the table
Type of cartilage Location in the body

Hyaline

elastic

fibrocartilage
 Major regions of skeleton
• Axial—long axis of body (skull, vertebral
column, rib cage
• Appendicular—(bones of upper and lower
limbs and girdles)

• Activity* (name the bones of both regions)

 Classification of bones
• Long—longer than they are wide; has a
shaft plus two ends
• Short—roughly cube shaped
• Flat—thin, flattened and a bit curved
• Irregular—complicated shapes
 Complete the table
Name of bone Classification

Humerus

Rib

Vertebra

Ulna

lunate
 Functions of bones
• Support
• Protection
• Movement
• Mineral and growth factor storage
• Blood cell formation
• Fat storage
Structure of a long bone
 Microscopic anatomy of bone
• Two types of connective tissue:
a. compact bone—osteoblasts; inorganic
salts in matrix
b. spongy bone—osteocytes; collagen in
matrix
 Compact bone
• Made of structural units called osteon or
Haversian system
• Osteon—made of group of hollow tubes of
bone matrix
• Lamella– a matrix tube
• Central canal—found at core of osteon;
has blood vessels and nerve fibers
• Volkmann’s canal—found at right angles to
central canal
Microscopic diagram of compact
bone
Compact and spongy bone
 Spongy bone
• No osteon present
• Irregularly arranged lamellae
• Osteocytes interconnected by canaliculi
 Chemical composition of bone
• Organic components—bone tissue cells;
osteoid (organic part of matrix—collagen)
• Inorganic (hydroxyapatites) or mineral
salts make up 65% of mass—mainly
calcium phosphates packed around
collagen—make bone hard
 Assignment
Read up on the following:
• Ossification
• Bone remodeling
• Bone repair
• Relationship between calcitonin/PTH and
bone
• osteoporosis