JOSE RIZAL

Members

Patrick De Guzman
Ryan Feliciano
Joaquin Leslie
Matt Marcus
Lorenzo Presa
Ryan Sauz
Kriston Villas
 D.) Rizal’s Studies and
Travels Abroad

Early Education in Calamba and

Biñan

JOSERIZ: ▫ Early education in Calamba

and Biñan.
Life and ▫ Rizal’s early education was
characterized by the four R’s.

Works of ▫ 4R’s include reading, writing,

arithmetic, and religion.

Rizal
▫ Instruction was rigid and strict
and usually through the usage
of the teacher’s whip.
▫ Rizal was able to acquire the
necessary instruction
preparatory for college work in
Manila.
 The Hero’s First
Teacher
▫ The first teacher of Rizal was his
mother (TEODORA ALONSO (1827-
1913)).
▫ was a remarkable woman of good
character and fine culture.
▫ at the age of three, Rizal learned the
alphabet and the prayers.
▫ Doña Teodora was patient,
conscientious, and understanding.
▫ It was she who first discovered that
her son had a talent for poetry and
with this she encouraged him to
write poems.
 The Hero’s First
Teacher
Rizal in his student memoirs wrote
something about his mother in which
he stated:

"My mother, taught me how to

read and to say haltingly the
humble prayers which I raised
fervently to God."
 Rizal’s Studies _ Rizal’s Studies
▫ As Jose grew older, his
parents employed private
tutors to give him lessons at
home.
▫ The first was Maestro
Celestino and the second,
5
Maestro Lucas Padua.
▫ Rizal’s third tutor was Leon
Monroy, a former classmate of
Rizal’s father, who taught
Rizal Spanish and Latin.
However, five months later he
passed away.
▫ This led to Rizal’s parents
sending him to a private
school in Biñan.
 Jose Goes to Jose Goes to Biñan
Biñan ▫ On June 1869, left Calamba for Biñan.
▫ He was accompanied by Paciano, who
acted as his second father.
▫ They proceeded to their aunt’s house,
where Jose was to lodge.
▫ That night, Jose, with his cousin
6 named Leandro, went sightseeing in
the town.
▫ Jose became depressed because of
homesickness.
 Jose Goes to Jose Goes to Biñan
Biñan "In the moonlight, I
remembered my hometown, my
idolized mother, and my
solicitous sisters. Ah, how
7
sweet to me was Calamba, my
own town, in spite of the fact
that was not as wealthy as
Biñan."
 First Day in Biñan
First Day in School
Biñan School ▫ The school was in the house of the
teacher, Maestro Justiniano Aquino
Cruz, which was a small nipa hut
about 30 meters from the home of
Jose’s aunt.
▫ Paciano knew the teacher quite well
8 because he had been a pupil under
him before.
▫ He introduced Jose to the teacher,
after which he departed to return to
Calamba.
 First Day in Biñan
First Day in School

Biñan School Jose described his teacher in Biñan as

follows:
"He was tall, thin, long-necked, with
sharp nose and a body slightly bent
forward, and he used to wear a sinamay
shirt, woven by the skilled hands of the
women of Batangas. He knew by the heart
9
the grammars by Nebrija and Gainza. Add
to this severity that in my judgement was
exaggerated and you have a picture,
perhaps vague, that I have made of him,
but I remember only this."
 First Day in Biñan
First Day in School
▫ That afternoon, while their teacher
Biñan School was having a siesta, Rizal got into a
fist fight with the class bully Pedro.
▫ With Pedro being much older and
bigger, Rizal had no trouble beating
him in the fight for the reason that
Rizal knew how to defend himself
10
thanks to his athletic Tio Manuel
who taught him how to fight.
 First Day in Biñan
First Day in School
▫ After the class, a classmate named
Biñan School Andres Salandanan challenged
him to arm wrestle and with Rizal
having the weaker arm lost and
nearly cracked his head on the
sidewalk.
11
▫ In succeeding days, he had other
fights with the boys of Biñan. He
was not quarrelsome by nature,
but he never ran away from a
fight.
 Best Student in
School

▫ In academic studies, Jose beat all

Biñan boys.
▫ He surpassed them all in Spanish,
Latin, and other subjects.
▫ Some of his
older classmates were jealous of
his intellectual superiority.
▫ They wickedly squealed to the
teacher whenever Jose had a fight
outside the school, and even told
lies to discredit him before the
teacher’s eyes.
▫ Consequently, the teacher had to
punish Jose.
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ Jose did not take his entrance

examinations but returned to
his hometown for the fiesta
▫ His father chose to send him to
study in Ateneo
▫ Paciano who accompanied
Jose, found him a house in
Walled City
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ he later found lodging outside,

in the house of a spinster
situated on Calle Carballo,
district of Santa Cruz.
▫ The first professor Jose had
was Fr. Jose Bech
▫ He was somewhat of a lunatic
and of an uneven humor
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ sometimes he was hard and

little tolerant and at other
times he was gay and playful
as a child
▫ Among Jose’s classmates were
Peninsulares and sons of
Peninsulares
▫ Francisco G. Oliva, very
talented but not very studious
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ Joaquin Garrido, endowed with

a poor memory but with much
talent and industry
▫ Gonzalo Marzano, who
occupied the throne of
Emperor.
▫ Jose stuck to a 24 hour
schedule which he never
deviated from.
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ Jose was at the tail of the class

but eventually managed to
reach the rank of Emperor
▫ He also obtained excellent
marks which he was supposed
to tell his mother about
▫ His mother was in prison at
the time
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ If his mother plead guilty as

asked by the judge she would
be released but it was a lie
▫ The judge convicted her and in
a few months the judge asked
for forgiveness as his
conscience troubled him
▫ In his second year he changed
his place of residence
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ He resided at No. 6 Calle

Magallanes.
▫ He was fond reading The
Count of Monte Cristo and The
Universal History
▫ He also developed a talent for
poetry during his third and
fourth year
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ In his fifth year he had written

a short story or known as the
Leyenda
▫ By the time he graduated, he
was proficient in sword
fighting to which he surprised
his family by exhibition bout
with the best swordsman in
town.
 Life and Studies at
Ateneo

▫ Lastly he devoted his time

towards painting and
sculpture.
▫ Having mentors such as
Peninsula Don Augustin Saez
and Romualdo de Jesus
Rizal’s Travel Abroad Rizal’s Travel Abroad
▫ Rizal travelled throughout the
globe, he went across Europe,
Asia and North America.
▫ He stayed 5 years in Europe to
study and do patriotic labors.
22
▫ Rizal left the Philippines for
the first time bound to Spain
on 3 May 1882.
▫ He boarded the Salvadora
using a passport of Jose
Mercado, which was procured
for him by his uncle Antonio
Rivera.
Rizal in Spain Rizal in Spain
▫ 20 August 1882 - His article
"Amor Patrio" was published in
the Diarong Tagalog. This was
the First article he wrote
abroad.
23
▫ 2 September 1882 - Rizal
matriculated at the
Universidad Central de
Madrid.
▫ 7 November 1882 - Rizal wrote
an article entitled "Las Dudas".
The article was signed Laong -
Laan.
Rizal in Spain Rizal in Spain
▫ October 1883 - He came to
know of the imprisonment, by
order of Sr. Vicente Barrantes,
of the 14 rich innocent persons
in Manila.
24
▫ 2 January 1884 - Rizal
proposed to the member of the
Circulo assembled in the house
of the Pateros, the publication
of a book by association. This
idea became the embryo of this
first novel Noli Me Tangere .
Rizal in Germany Rizal in Germany
▫ 22 April 1886 - Feeling
nostalgic for his parents and
his country, Rizal wrote the
poem "A Las Flores de
Heidelberg”’
25
▫ 21 March 1887 - Copies of his
novel came off the press. He
sent one copy to Prof.
Blumentritt. In a letter of his
Austrian friend, he say it was
the first impartial and daring
book to be written on the life
of the Tagalogs.
Rizal in Manila Rizal in Manila
▫ 30 August 1887 - Calustro
Universitario formed by the
Rector of Santo Thomas,
issued an order prohibiting the
possession and reading of the
26
Noli Me Tangere.
▫ 29 Decmber 1887 - The
Permanent Board Of Censure
headed by Fr. Salvador Font
issued a judgment absolutely
prohibiting the circulation of
the Noli Me Tangere in the
Philppines.
Rizal in France and Belgium
Rizal in France and Belgium
▫ 29 March 1891 - He finished
writing his book El
Filibusterismo. He planned,
however, of revising some
chapters.
▫ 30 May 1891 - Rizal set ready
for printing 20 chapters of the
manuscript of the El
Filibusterismo.
▫ September 1890 - El Fili was
published in Ghent using the
donations from Rizal’s friends.
Jose Rizal
Literary talent and
Social Concerns
 Literary talent
• At 7 years old, he wrote a play that was
staged in the town fiesta
• He was proficient in writing at a very young
age
• At 8 he wrote his renowned poem “Sa Aking
Mga Kabata”
• During his stay at Ateneo and UST he wrote poems,
plays, and other literary pieces
• He joined numerous contest and emerged as the
winner several times.
• During his time as the leader of the Reform
Movement of Filipino students in Spain he
contributed a lot of essays, poems, editorials, and
allegories to the Spanish newspaper La Solidaridad
under the pen name Dimasalang and Laong Laan
• The core of his writings centers on liberal and
progressive ideas of individual rights and
freedom.
 Literary Works
Noli Me Tangere
• Dedicated to the Motherland
• Published in Berlin, Germany 1887

El Filibusterismo
• Dedicated to GOMBURZA
• Published in Ghent, Belgium 1891
• Makimisa 1891 (unfinished)

• Sa Aking Mga Kabata

• Written when he was 8

• Mi Primera Inspiraccion (My First Inspiration)

- Dedicated to his mother
• A La Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino Youth)
• Written at the age of 18 when he was in UST

• Ultimo Adios
-Written at his death cell in Fort Santiago on the eve of his
execution
 SOCIAL CONCERNS
His concerns in society was expressed by him
through his writings.
• NOLI ME TANGERE, a satirical novel exposing the
arrogance and despotism of the spanish clergy, was
published in Berlin; in 1890 he reprinted in Paris.
on September 18, 1891,
• EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and a sequel to
the NOLI and more revolutionary and tragic than the
latter, was printed in Ghent, because of his fearless
exposures of the injustices committed by the civil and
clerical officials. Rizal provoked he animosity of those
in power.
• He contributed newspaper articles to La
Solidaridad in Barcelona with the following
agenda:
-That the Philippines be a province os Spain
Representation in the cortes (Parliament)
-Filipino priests rather than the Spanish
Augustinians, Dominicans, or Franciscans
-Freedom of assembly and speech
-Equal rights before the law (for both Filipino
and Spanish plaintiffs)
• Una profanacion (A Desecration) July 31, 1889

A scathing attacked against the friars for

refusing to bury Mariano Herbosa in the
Catholic cemetary. The friars alleged that the
decreased had not made any confession since
his marriage to Lucia Rizal (1857 - 1919)
• Filipinas dentro de cien anos (The Philippines
within One hundred years) –
serialized in La Solidaridad on September 30, October 31,
December 15, 1889 and February 1, 1890 Rizal prognosticated
the Filipino's revolution against Spain winning their
independence, but later the Americans would come in over its
colonization
Rizal’s early and latter
religious views and
practices
 Rizal’s works
• As a Painter and Sculptor - Started painting
at five years old. At one instance in their fiesta, he
was asked by the Mayor to paint a religious banner
which was spoiled. Using oil colors, he painted a
new banner that amazed the whole folks
• As a Writer - His pioneer work is entitled “Sa
Aking mga Kababata”, done when he was eight
years old. In this poem, he expressed his nationalism
through saying that Filipinos should be proud of their
national language, Tagalog
 Rizal’s works
• Noli Me Tangier - A novel written by Jose
Rizal when he was in Madrid, Paris, and Germany. It
was published in Berlin on March 21, 1887• Ignited
the spirits of the Filipinos to fight for freedom against
the Spaniards
• El Filibusterismo - Continuation of Noli Me
Tangere. Second part of the constant struggle for
freedom
• Mi Ultimo Adios - Last work written by Rizal
when he was in Dapitan and was about to be
executed
 Freemasonry
•Freemasonry a fraternal organization that took root in
Europe and spread all over the world. Its “basic aims are
to strive for moral betterment, work for the welfare of
others, and bring about a universal league of mankind”

•Rizal was made a Master Mason on November 15, 1890

at Logia Solidaridad 53 in Madrid, Spain.
He affiliated with a lodge under the jurisdiction of Grand
Orient of France on October 14,1891, and was made
honorary Worshipful Master of Nilad Lodge No. 144 in
1892. There he delivered a lecture entitled “La
Masoneria”.
 Freemasonry
• Influenced by Miguel Morayta, a history
professor at the Universidad de Madrid,
Rizal joined Masonry, under the Gran
Oriente de Español, adopting the
Masonic name, Dimasalang.
• He was automatically excommunicated,
expelled from the Catholic Church, a fate
decreed for all Catholics becoming
Masons since 1738 and reaffirmed by
the CBCP in 1990
 Rizal Pastells
Correspondence
• Dapitan, 1 September 1892 - Rizal’s first letter to
Fr. Pastells. Rizal thanks Fr. Pastells for his gift of
a book by Sarda.
• Rizal said “a thing which in my humble opinion is
to offend God and to disdain His most precious
gifts.” Rizal thinks that God is not worthy of one’s
consideration and respect.
• Manila, 12 October 1892 - this letter was from Fr.
Pastells to Rizal. Pastells thinks that it’s a pity that
such an excellent young man had not lavished his
talents on the defense of better causes.
Rizal Pastells Correspondence
. Dapitan, 11 November 1892 - This was the second letter
of Rizal to Pastells. Rizal’s comment was “It is very possible
that there may be better ones than those I have embraced,
but my cause is good and this is enough for me. I do not
regret neither the humbleness of my cause nor the
meagerness of its rewards but the little talent that God has
given me to serve it. If instead of weak cane I had been
solid molave, better service I would be able to render.”
• Dapitan, 9 January 1893 - In this letter, Rizal explains his
concept of God. Rizal examind his beliefs and their
foundations, he calls it his “Shipwreck of Faith”. Rizal said
that “I believe firmly in the existence of a Creator more
than by faith, by reasoning and by necessity.”
• Rizal believes in the Creator but not in Jesus. At the end of
the letter, Rizal said he will send Fr. Pastells a small statue
of St. Paul in an attitude of prayer.
 Retraction Controversy
• Several historians report that Rizal retracted his anti-Catholic
ideas through a document which stated: "I retract with all my
heart whatever in my words, writings, publications and
conduct have been contrary to my character as a son of the
Catholic Church.”
• However, there are doubts of its authenticity given that there
is no certificate of Rizal's Catholic marriage to Josephine
Bracken. Also there is an allegation that the retraction
document was a forgery.
• After analyzing six major documents of Rizal, Ricardo
Pascual concluded that the retraction document, said to have
been discovered in 1935, was not in Rizal's handwriting.
 Retraction Controversy
• Historians also refer to 11 eyewitnesses when Rizal wrote his
retraction, signed a Catholic prayer book, and recited Catholic
prayers, and the multitude who saw him kiss the crucifix before his
execution.
• Supporters see in the retraction Rizal's "moral courage...to
recognize his mistakes," his reversion to the "true faith", and thus his
"unfading glory,"and a return to the "ideals of his fathers" which "did
not diminish his stature as a great patriot; on the contrary, it
increased that stature to greatness."
• On the other hand, senator Jose Diokno stated, "Surely whether
Rizal died as a Catholic or an apostate adds or detracts nothing from
his greatness as a Filipino... Catholic or Mason, Rizal is still Rizal -
the hero who courted death 'to prove to those who deny our
patriotism that we know how to die for our duty and our beliefs'."
Friar’s Accusation of Heresy
to Rizal
• Heresy - belief or opinion contrary to
orthodox religious (especially Christians)
doctrine.

• Rizal’s writings

A. Friars abused Crispin and Basilio

B. Padre Camorra raped Huli

C. Padre Damaso father of Maria Clara

Friar’s Accusation of Heresy
to Rizal
D. Placido Penitente walking out in
Physics class The father if Ibarra was
imprisoned
E. The father of Ibarra was imprisoned
F.Ibarra’s father corpse
 The Rizalistas
• Rizalistas.Members of religious movements in the
Philippines which honour José Rizal y Mercado (1861–
96) as divine, as the power of the Holy Spirit, as a
second Christ, or as a new messiah who will return.

• Rizalwas an intellectual, physician, novelist, and

nationalist who was shot by the Spanish after the
Philippines revolution broke out.

• Although not himself especially religious, he has become

a national martyr and symbol of Philippine
independence.
 The Rizalistas
• Among the larger movements are Bathalismo (Bathala,
‘God’) claiming to antedate the arrival of the Spanish;
Banner of the Race Church (Watawat ng Lahi) which
resembles Roman Catholicism and awaits the return
of Rizal; Sacred Church of the Race (Iglesia Sagrada
ng Lahi) with its own ancient ‘bible’ kept secret until
Rizal appeared as God on earth; Philippine Church or
Adarnistas (after ‘Mother Adarna’ the founder) for
whom Rizal was not executed but lives as true God
and man; Patriotic Church of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Questions:
She was
Rizal’s
first
teacher.
Doña
Teodora
The piece
Rizal wrote
when he
was eight
years old.
Sa
Aking
mga
Kabata
Rizal’s third
tutor who was a
former
classmate of his
father and the
one who taught
Rizal Spanish
and Latin.
Leon
Monroy
The date
when Rizal
left Calamba
for Biñan.
June 1869
Rizal’s
teacher
during his
stay in Binan.
Maestro
Justiniano
Aquino Cruz
The books
that Rizal
would often
read.
Monte Cristo
and Universal
History
This was the
skill Rizal
excelled in.
Sword
Fighting
Rizal lived in
this place of
residence
called no. 6
No. 6 Calle
Magallanes
The date of
Rizal’s
departure
from the
Philippines.
3 May 1882
The first
European
country Rizal
travelled to.
Spain
The country
in where Noli
Me Tangere
was
published.
Berlin,
Germany
The year in
where Noli
Me Tangere
was
published.
1887
The city where
Rizal’s El
Filibusterismo
was published.
Ghent,
Belgium
The piece that
was dedicated
to the
Gomburza.
 El
Filibusterismo
Last work
written by
Rizal when he
was in Dapitan
and was about
to be executed.
Mi Ultimo
Adios