Topic Name :Principle angle of single point cutting tools

Department of Mechanical Engineering

IDEAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

1
 Content
• Types of tools
• Tool geometry
• Tool designation
1. ASA System
2. ORS System
• Effects of back rake angle on machining
• Effect of side rake angle
• Effect of relief angle
• Effect of cutting edge angle
• Effect of nose radius on machining
• Tool material
• Conclusion
• References
 Typesoftool
1. Single point cutting tool
• One cutting tip is available
• e.g. lathe machine tools, shaping tools, planning tools, etc.
2. Multi-point cutting tool
• More than one tip is available
• e.g. milling cutter, grinding wheel, drill, etc.
MULTIPOINT CUTTING TOOLS
ToolGeometry
 ToolDesignation

1. ASA System

2. ORS System

3. NRS System
 ASA System

• Angles are measured with reference to 3 mutually perpendicular planes.

• Understanding is easy.

• Measurements of angles is also easy.

• Analysis of machining is difficult.

 ORS System

• Angles measured with reference to major cutting edge.

• Analysis is easy.

• Understanding is difficult.

• For measurement of angles, we require special fixtures.

 EffectofBackrake angle on machining
 As back rake angle increases,
• Strength of tool increases.
• Forces on tool decreases.
• Power required for machining is decreases.
• Tool life increases.
 Maximum +ve rake angle used is 45 degree.
 0 degree rake angle used for brass workpieces.
 Also for thread cutting 0 degree rake angle is used.
 -ve rake angle is used carbide cutting tool.
 -ve rake angle used is 10 degree only.
 Effectofside rake angle onmachining

 As side rake angle increases,

• Strength of tool increases.
• Forces are decreases but in small amount.
• Power is also decreases but in small amount.
• Tool life is increases.
 Generally side rake angle is in between 5 to 15 degree.
 Effectofrelief angle
 Provided to avoid rubbing between tool and workpiece.
 As relief angle increases,
• Strength decreases.
• Forces are slightly decreases.
• Tool life is slightly increases.
 Effectofcutting edgeangle
 Mainly influence the surface finish of component.
 By reducing end cutting angle or by increasing side cutting angle, nose size
increases and surface finish also increases.
 Effectofnose radius
 Mainly influence the surface finish.
 With increase in nose radius, surface finish increases.
 Toolmaterial
• High carbon steel
• High speed steel
• Stellite
• Cemented carbide+
• Ceramics
• Cermets
• Diamond
• CBN (Cubic Boron Nitrite) or Borozone
• Ucon
• Sialon
 Conclusion
• There are many advantages of single point cutting tool, but there also many
disadvantages.
• Many disadvantages of single point cutting tool are reduced by multi point
cutting tool.
• In this we see geometry of cutting tool, material of cutting tool, etc.
 references

• Production technology by P. C. Sharma

• Workshop technology by Hajara Choudhari

• Website – slideshare.net