TVSS / SPD

The Single Source for Complete Copper Wire Protection

Columbus
January, 2010

Raphael.garcia@Emerson.com
Maintaining You Reliable

Power Quality Pyramid

 Types of Power Problems

Noise
Distortion
Over Voltage
Under Voltage
Interruptions
Frequency Deviations
Transient Voltage Surges
 Statistics on Power Problems

15%

45%
U, O / V & Others
Surges
Noise

40%

According to prominent IEEE report, 85 % of all external and internal power disturbances are
transients, spikes and noise.

IEEE Report “Impact of Utility Distribution Systems on Power Line Disturbance” GW-Allen and
Seagall.
 Revised ITIC / IEEE 1100 Curve

500
% Of Nominal Voltage

400

300

200
120% 110%
100
90%
70% 80%
0
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10 100
0.020 0.5
Duration in Seconds
 Transient

Vt > 2Vp
Vp =2x Vrms x 21/2
Less than 1/2 of cicle

High voltage / High Current Disturbance

 Noise

Low voltage / Low current High Frequency Disturbance

 Transient Sources

Utility Line Work / System Faults

Motors / Inductive Loads
Arc Welders
Transfer Switches
Power Factor Correction Capacitors
Lightning Strike
 Transient Sources

 Externally generated – 30%*

– Lightning
– Utility grid/capacitor switching
– Accidents and others

 Internally generated – 70%*

– Variable-frequency drives
– Elevators
– CNC machines
– Welders
– Robotic equipment
– Office equipment and others

* General Electric study

Impact of Tansients

Ground
What causes semiconductor failure ?

Voltage

Dielectric breakdown

2
Current ( I T )
Excessive heating
 Number of transistors doubles every two years

100000
30000

25000
10000 Transistors per Microprocessor
20000
1000 Pentium 4 = 42,000,000 1 Billion Transistors
15000
100
10000
10
5000

01
1971
1971 1976
1976 1981
1981 1986
1986 1991
1991 1996
1996

10
12

10

61
Device Track Spacing 0.02 Microns
4

2
Pentium 4 = 0.12 Micron
0.1
0
1971
1971 1976
1976 1981
1981 1986
1986 1991
1991 1996
1996

500
1000
450
400
350
100
300

Clock Frequency
250
200
10
150
100
50
Pentium 4 = 1.4 GHz 20 Giga Hertz
01
1971
1971 1976
1976 1981
1981 1986
1986 1991
1991 1996

Past Actual
How Advancing Technology Creates More Noise/Transient Issues

Greater reliance on Changing technology

electronic controls
 Guidelines Driving Product Application

 Test Waveforms – ANSI/IEEE C62.41-2002

– Scenario 1 – Indirect lightning
• Category A
– Ring Wave – 6 kV, 0.2 kA
– Combination 6 kV, .5 kA
• Category B
– Ring Wave – 6 kV, 0.5 kA
– Combination 6 kV, 3.0 kA
• Category C
– Combination Wave 20 kV or 10 kA

TVSS
 What is a Surge Protective Device ?

A non-linear voltage dependent component, connected in parallel

with the load, which is automatically resettle able and limits follow
current.

It may be connected between any current carrying conductor or any

conductor and ground per NEC. Art. 280.

It protects the electrical system by limiting surge voltage while

diverting surge current.
IEEE Recommended Practice

“8.6…surge protective device

should be applied to each
individual or set of electrical
conductors (e.g. power, voice,
data) penetrating ... a structure”
 Building a Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor

 Performance: choose the right component

– A TVSS protects the electrical system by limiting surge voltage while
diverting surge currents
– Begins with a TVSS component – Typically a Metal Oxide Varistor
(MOV) or a Silicon Avalanche Diode(SAD)

Advantage: High surge capability Advantage: Clamping

Disadvantage: Clamping Disadvantage: Low surge capability

Parallel Connected/Facility Wide TVSS

 Building a Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor

 Making It Safe
– Short Circuit Current Rating
• Introduce fusing that will safely disconnect during a short circuit
condition (high current)
• Per NEC 285.6 “The TVSS shall be marked with a short circuit
current rating and shall not be installed at a point on the system
where the available fault current is excess of that rating …”

The short circuit current rating of the TVSS must be equal to or in

excess of the installed system’s requirement

Parallel Connected/Facility Wide TVSS

 The Liebert TVSS Advantage
Ask for independent surge testing on a complete TVSS along with
SCCR rating and TOV test results.

Liebert

Parallel Connected/Facility Wide TVSS

 The Liebert TVSS Advantage
Ask for independent surge testing on a complete TVSS along with
SCCR rating and TOV test results.

Liebert

Parallel Connected/Facility Wide TVSS

 First Line of Defense

 Common Mode (L-G, N-G), Normal Mode (L-N, L-L)

– Clamping devices placed at critical entries/exits/panels throughout building

Parallel Connected/Facility Wide TVSS

How Does a TVSS Protect ?

TVSS
Clamped
Surge “Protected” Surge
Current Load Voltage
Equipment
 Interceptor® Hybrid Advantage

SAD Hybrid Interceptor Surge Current Sharing Data

H2120Y222R-01
Hybrid SAD Module Interceptor MOV Module
100.0
Percentage of Surge Current (%)

90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000

Total Surge Current (Amperes)

 Our Strategy

 First Line of Defense – Liebert TVSS

– For AC protection against all externally and internally generated
high-energy transients
– Install on every copper
wire entering or exiting
the building and on
all critical panels

( 25-1000 ) kA

The Single Source for Complete Copper Wire Protection

Mission Critical – Active Tracking® Filters

 Common Mode (L-G, N-G) Normal Mode (L-N, L-L)

– Adding critical load filtering

Series Connected Critical Load

Mission Critical – Control Concepts
Active Tracking® Filters
 Frequency Range and Noise Attenuation
– Filter tuned to provide optimum performance between
100 KHz to 10 MHz

Series Connected Critical Load

 Our Strategy

 Mission Critical – Liebert Active Tracking® Filters

– Protection against all lower-level transients and electrical
line noise
– Install on all critical
panels and/or
sensitive loads

(2-400) A
How.S.?

The Single Source for Complete Copper Wire Protection

Sizing The Right Solution

Application

Medical
Industrial
Commercial
Broadcast
Bank
Residential
Sizing The TVSS Solution - Step 1

Location Level Exposure

Lighting Activity
Distance from Generation Source
Proximity to Another Significant Loads with a Facility

High, Medium, Lower

Evalating your Power Conditioned Needs

Cats?
 The Right Solution

C - Service Entrance
Category

PRESS INTERNAL OFF SURGE

TO M ODUL E STATUS COUNTER
TEST AL ARM ON

IN TE R N A L
MOD U LE S TA TU S
OK F AIL

KF GJ SPGOSDF GJ
HAL DF KSDF SDF SL D
AKJ ASAKF NNV.XCV,XC
L DSJ F ;F L ,D' F ;DF ,F ' F ;F ,F F B
VM SD.V,DVM V;;V,VM ' Z Z L V' F CGL GH

A - Connected Loads
B - Distribution Panel
Sizing The TVSS Solution - Step 3

kA Protection Amount

E= SURGE VOLTAGE
I= SURGE CURRENT
Z=LINE IMPEDANCE

I surge = V surge / Z line

 Staged TVSS System

MAINS
TVSS Surge
Surge

BUILDING
WIRE
IMPEDANCE

Mains Surge E = 100 Kv

Mains Impedance Z = .25 to 2 ohms I = 400 kA to 50kA

Panel Surge E = 6Kv

Panel impedance Z = . 5 to 6 ohms I = 12 kA to 1kA

Per ANSI/IEEE C62.41

Liebert Application Guide
 Liebert Application Guide
Swich Board / Panel Surge protection
Input Voltage Configuration
A mpere Raiting Medium Medium High High
Up 225 120 / 240 V S plit Phase 101 111 111
120 / 208 V Three Phase Wye 101 111 111

400-600 120 / 208 V Three Phase Wye 111 111 222

240 V Three Phase Delta 110 110 220
230 / 400 V Three Phase Wye 111 111 222
277 / 480 V Three Phase Wye 111 111 222
480 V Three Phase Delta 110 110 220

800-1200 120 / 208 V Three Phase Wye 111 222 333

240 V Three Phase Delta 110 220 330
230 / 400 V Three Phase Wye 111 222 333
277 / 480 V Three Phase Wye 111 222 333
480 V Three Phase Delta 110 220 330

1600-2500 120 / 208 V Three Phase Wye 222 333 444

240 V Three Phase Delta 220 330 440
230 / 400 V Three Phase Wye 222 333 444
277 / 480 V Three Phase Wye 222 333 444
480 V Three Phase Delta 220 330 440

3000 and above 120 / 208 V Three Phase Wye 333 444 555
240 V Three Phase Delta 330 440 550
230 / 400 V Three Phase Wye 333 444 555
277 / 480 V Three Phase Wye 333 444 555
480 V Three Phase Delta 330 440 550

111 1 = 100 kA / Phase

L-L or L-N N-G
L-G
Staged TVSS System

Low Voltage

High Voltage Medium Voltage

3X375

480VAC 3X125
PPC 1
3X300 ITE
UPS 1 3X125
PPC 2

3X125
PPC 3
Staged TVSS System

Low Voltage

High Voltage Medium Voltage

TVSS
3X375

480VAC 3X125
PPC 1
3X300 ITE
UPS 1 3X125
PPC 2

3X125
PPC 3
Staged TVSS System

Low Voltage

High Voltage Medium Voltage

TVSS
3X375

480VAC 3X125
PPC 1
3X300 ITE
UPS 1 3X125
PPC 2

3X125
TVSS
PPC 3
Staged TVSS System

Low Voltage

High Voltage Medium Voltage

TVSS
3X375

480VAC 3X125 ATF

PPC 1
3X300 ITE
UPS 1 3X125
PPC 2
ATF
3X125
TVSS
PPC 3
TVSS Installation

Use short conductors

Voltage drop

Regular Stranded Wire

16 v per feet per KA

2.0 feet
 TVSS
The Single Source for Complete Copper Wire Protection

Questions ?

Raphael.garcia@emerson.com

Complete Power Protection